Hannah’s Prayer, Part 6

The texts diverge subtly after the conclusion of Hannah’s prayer:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:11 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:11 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:11 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10e, 11 (Elpenor English)

And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house.  And the child did minister unto HaShem before Eli the priest. Then Elkanah went back home to Ramah.  The boy Samuel was serving the Lord with the favor of Eli the priest. And they left him there before the Lord and departed to Harmathaim, and the lad was ministering to the face of the Lord, before Eli the priest. And she left him there before the Lord, (11) and departed to Armathaim: and the child ministered in the presence of the Lord before Heli the priest.

The Greek word (Table2 below) translated they left in the NETS was κατέλιπον in the BLB version of the Septuagint, a form of καταλείπω.  Likewise the word translated departed was ἀπῆλθον, a form of ἀπέρχομαι.  Both are third person plural forms, but both are also first person singular forms.  In other words the BLB version of the Septuagint might have been translated: “And I left him there before the Lord and departed to Harmathaim.”

Was this Hannah’s first person narrative originally, dutifully copied by a loving son?

The thought causes the male religious mind to fizz and sputter.  But even a man considering the Koine Greek Lexicon’s definition of καταλείπω—“to leave (in a certain state after something has happened); to leave (neglected and uncared for); to leave (unharmed); to leave (something/someone) behind; to cause to remain behind; to forsake, abandon; to bequeath to (someone); to sever ties with (someone)”—can feel the pathos of “I left him there.”  When I mentioned this possibility to my own mother, she told her first born son that a mother would want her son to know why she abandoned him.

The Elpenor version of the Septuagint had κατέλιπεν, the third person singular form of καταλείπω, translated she left.  The word translated departed was ἀπῆλθεν, the third person singular form of ἀπέρχομαι.  These do the least damage to a first person narrative while allowing the male religious mind to purr contentedly again.  What becomes conspicuous by its absence from both versions of the Septuagint is any mention of Ελκανὰ.

From this perspective the insertion of Elkanah back into the Masoretic text is so patriarchal it feels like stormtroopers trampling on the narrative.  I think I can hear John William’s theme playing in the background.  But the point is well taken.  Hannah didn’t leave Samuel in Shiloh apart from Elkanah.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 1:1-5 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 1:1-5 (NET) 1 Reigns 1:1-5 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:1-5 (Elpenor English)

NOW THERE was a certain man of Ramathaim-zophim, of the hill-country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. There was a man from Ramathaim Zophim, from the hill country of Ephraim.  His name was Elkanah.  He was the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. There was a man of Harmathaim Sipha from the hill country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkana son of Ieremeel son of Eliou son of Thoke, in Nasib Ephraim. There was a man of Armathaim Sipha, of mount Ephraim, and his name [was] Helkana, a son of Jeremeel the son of Elias the son of Thoke, in Nasib Ephraim.
And he had two wives: the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah; and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. He had two wives; the name of the first was Hannah and the name of the second was Peninnah.  Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the second Phennana.  And Phennana had children, and Hanna had no child. And he [had] two wives; the name of the one [was] Anna, and the name of the second Phennana.  And Phennana had children, but Anna had no child.
And this man went up out of his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice unto HaShem of hosts in Shiloh.  And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there priests unto HaShem. This man would go up from his city year after year to worship and to sacrifice to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies at Shiloh.  (It was there that the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, served as the Lord’s priests.) And the man used to go up from days to days from his town, from Harmathaim, to do obeisance and to sacrifice to the Lord God Sabaoth at Selo, and there Eli and his two sons, Hophni and Phinees, were priests of the Lord. And the man went up from year to year from his city, from Armathaim, to worship and sacrifice to the Lord God of Sabaoth at Selom: and [there were] Heli and his two sons Ophni and Phinees, the priests of the Lord.
And it came to pass upon a day, when Elkanah sacrificed, that he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions; The day came, and Elkanah sacrificed.  (Now he used to give meat portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters. And it happened on a day and Elkana sacrificed and gave portions to his wife Phennana and to her sons, And the day came, and Helkana sacrificed, and gave portions to his wife Phennana and her children.
but unto Hannah he gave a double portion; for he loved Hannah, but HaShem had shut up her womb. But to Hannah he would give a double portion because he loved Hannah, although the Lord had not enabled her to have children. and to Hanna he gave one portion, because she did not have a child; however, Elkana loved Hanna more than this one, and the Lord had closed the area of her womb. And to Anna he gave a prime portion, because she had no child, only Helkana loved Anna more than the other; but the Lord [had] closed her womb.

It intrigues me that this authoritative assessment—inspired by God—of Elkanah’s love for Hannah might also be her firsthand account.  Be that as it may Samuel was Elkanah’s Joseph, the firstborn son (Genesis 30:22-24) of a beloved wife.  And Hannah had vowed to give Samuel to the Lord.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 1:11 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 1:11 (NET) 1 Reigns 1:11 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:11 (Elpenor English)

And she vowed a vow, and said: ‘O HaShem of hosts, if Thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of Thy handmaid, and remember me, and not forget Thy handmaid, but wilt give unto Thy handmaid a man-child, then I will give him unto HaShem all the days of his life, and there shall no razor come upon his head.’ She made a vow saying, “O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, if you would truly look on the suffering of your servant, and would keep me in mind and not neglect your servant, and give your servant a male child, then I will dedicate him to the Lord all the days of his life.  His hair will never be cut.” and vowed a vow to the Lord, saying: “Adonai, Lord, Eloai, Sabaoth, if looking you will look on the humiliation of your slave and remember me and give to your slave an offspring of men, and I will give him as one devoted before you until the day of his death, and wine and strong drink he shall not drink, and no iron shall come upon his head.” And she vowed a vow to the Lord, saying, O Lord God of Sabaoth, if thou wilt indeed look upon the humiliation of thine handmaid, and remember me, and give to thine handmaid a man-child, then will I indeed dedicate him to thee till the day of his death; and he shall drink no wine nor strong drink, and no razor shall come upon his head.

The law was entirely in Elkanah’s favor if he chose to keep his son:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Numbers 30:11-14 (Tanakh) Numbers 30:10-13 (NET) Numbers 30:11-14 (NETS)

Numbers 30:11-14 (Elpenor English)

And if a woman vowed in her husband’s house, or bound her soul by a bond with an oath, If she made the vow in her husband’s house or put herself under obligation with an oath, And if her vow was in her husband’s house or her determination against her soul was with an oath And if her vow [be made] in the house of her husband, or the obligation upon her soul with an oath,
and her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not, then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand. and her husband heard about it, but remained silent about her, and did not overrule her, then all her vows will stand, and every obligation which she pledged for herself will stand. and if her husband hears and says nothing to her and does not withhold consent to her, then all her vows shall stand, and all her determinations which she determined for herself against her soul—they shall stand regarding her. and her husband should hear, and hold his peace at her, and not disallow her, then all her vows shall stand, and all the obligations which she contracted against her soul, shall stand against her.
But if her husband make them null and void in the day that he heareth them, then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips, whether it were her vows, or the bond of her soul, shall not stand: her husband hath made them void; and HaShem will forgive her. But if her husband clearly nullifies them when he hears them, then whatever she says by way of vows or obligations will not stand.  Her husband has made them void, and the Lord will release her from them. But if her husband in canceling cancels them on the day when he hears, all the things that proceed out of her lips regarding her vows and regarding her determination that are against her soul shall not remain for her.  Her husband canceled them, and the Lord will clear her. But if her husband should utterly cancel the vow in the day in which he shall hear it, none of the things which shall proceed out of her lips in her vows, and in the obligations [contracted] upon her soul, shall stand to her; her husband has canceled them, and the Lord shall hold her guiltless.
Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may let it stand, or her husband may make it void. “Any vow or sworn obligation that would bring affliction to her, her husband can confirm or nullify. Every vow and every oath for binding, to afflict the soul, her husband shall establish for her, and her husband shall cancel. Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict her soul, her husband shall confirm it to her, or her husband shall cancel it.

Apparently Elkanah had not made Hannah’s vow void.  In fact, after Samuel’s birth he seemed concerned when she didn’t go with him to a sacrifice:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 1:22 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 1:22 (NET) 1 Reigns 1:22 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:22 (Elpenor English)

But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband: ‘Until the child be weaned, when I will bring him, that he may appear before HaShem, and there abide for ever.’ But Hannah did not go up with them, because she had told her husband, “Not until the boy is weaned.  Then I will bring him so that he may appear before the Lord.  And he will remain there from then on.” and Hanna did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, “Until the boy goes up if I shall wean it, and it will appear to the face of the Lord and stay there forever.” But Anna did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, [I will not go up] until the child goes up, when I have weaned him, and he shall be presented before the Lord, and he shall abide there continually.

So did Ekanah threaten his wife with a stern warning from the law?

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Deuteronomy 23:22 (Tanakh) Deuteronomy 23:21 (NET) Deuteronomy 23:21 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 23:22 (Elpenor English)

When thou shalt vow a vow unto HaShem thy G-d, thou shalt not be slack to pay it; for HaShem thy G-d will surely require it of thee; and it will be sin in thee. When you make a vow to the Lord your God you must not delay in fulfilling it, for otherwise he will surely hold you accountable as a sinner. Now if you vow a vow to the Lord your God, you shall not delay to pay it.  For the Lord your God, when he requires, will require it of you, and it will be a sin with you. And if thou wilt vow a vow to the Lord thy God, thou shalt not delay to pay it; for the Lord thy God will surely require it of thee, and [otherwise] it shall be sin in thee.

No, he did not.  In fact, Elkanah’s words to Hannah were so full of grace they almost seem anachronistic.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 1:23 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 1:23 (NET) 1 Reigns 1:23 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:23 (Elpenor English)

And Elkanah her husband said unto her: ‘Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only HaShem establish His word.’  So the woman tarried and gave her son suck, until she weaned him. Then her husband Elkanah said to her, “Do what you think best.  Stay until you have weaned him.  Only may the Lord fulfill his promise.”  So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him. And her husband Elkana said to her, “Do what is good in your sight; stay until you have weaned him; only may the Lord establish that which goes out of your mouth.”  And the woman remained and nursed her son until she weaned him. And Helkana her husband said to her, Do that which is good in thine eyes, abide still until thou shalt have weaned him; but may the Lord establish that which comes out of thy mouth: and the woman tarried, and suckled her son until she had weaned him.

In Elkanah’s mind Hannah’s vow had become God’s word (דְּבָר֑וֹ) or promise (dâbâr, דברו) in the English translations of the Masoretic text.  I ran both דְּבָר֑וֹ and דברו through Morfix since the Hebrew word was translated τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου (English Elpenor: that which comes out of thy mouth) in the Septuagint.

Morfix Translation

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
דְּבָר֑וֹ word דָּבָר object, thing, item; event, occurrence, happening; anything; דברים – belongings; דברים – what one has to say; writings; לדברי – in the words of…, in someone’s opinion, according to,
דֶּבֶר plague
דַּבָּר (flowery) leader
דִּבֵּר to speak, to talk; to discuss; מדבר – to be fluent in a language
דִּבֵּר commandment (ten commandments); faculty of speech, articulation
דֻּבַּר to be spoken of, to be referred to; to be agreed upon, to be decided, to come to a conclusion; to be spoken

Morfix Translation

Hebrew NET Homographs English Definitions
דברו promise דָּבָר object, thing, item; event, occurrence, happening; anything; דברים – belongings; דברים – what one has to say; writings; לדברי – in the words of…, in someone’s opinion, according to,
דִּבֵּר to speak, to talk; to discuss; מדבר – to be fluent in a language
דֻּבַּר to be spoken of, to be referred to; to be agreed upon, to be decided, to come to a conclusion; to be spoken
דַּבָּר (flowery) leader

Neither my Greek nor Hebrew is sufficient to guess whether the Septuagint was more original or a somewhat agnostic rendering of the original Hebrew.  In either case, Elkanah prayed to, and trusted, the Lord to establish what came out of Hannah’s mouth, perhaps, as His own word—and it was so.

Who are these people?  Most in Israel were caught up in a monotonous cycle.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Judges 21:25 (Tanakh) Judges 21:25 (NET) Judges 21:25 (NETS)

Judges 21:25 (Elpenor English)

In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes. In those days Israel had no king.  Each man did what he considered to be right. In those days there was no king in Israel; each man would do what was right in his own eyes. And in those days there was no king in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own sight.

Elkanah and Hannah seem like they were from another planet—or they were born from above.  It was clear that the king most in Israel had rejected was God.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 8:7, 8 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 8:7, 8 (NET) 1 Reigns 8:7, 8 (NETS)

1 Kings 8:7, 8 (Elpenor English)

And HaShem said unto Samuel: ‘Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee; for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected Me, that I should not be king over them. The Lord said to Samuel, “Do everything the people request of you.  For it is not you that they have rejected, but it is me that they have rejected as their king. And the Lord said to Samouel, “Listen to the voice of the people in whatever they say to you, for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over them. And the Lord said to Samuel, Hear the voice of the people, in whatever they shall say to thee; for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me from reigning over them.
According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, in that they have forsaken Me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee. Just as they have done from the day that I brought them up from Egypt until this very day, they have rejected me and have served other gods.  This is what they are also doing to you. According to all the deeds that they did to me from the day I brought them up out of Egypt to this day, and they forsook me and were subject to other gods, so also they are doing to you. According to all their doings which they have done to me, from the day that I brought them out of Egypt until this day, even [as] they have deserted me, and served other gods, so they do also to thee.

I wonder if Elkanah and Hannah were on Jesus’ mind when He said, Enter[1] through the narrow gate, because the gate is wide and the way is spacious that leads to destruction, and there are many who enter through it.  How narrow is the gate and difficult the way that leads to life, and there are few who find it![2]  I’m thinking of this destruction (ἀπώλειαν, a form of ἀπώλεια) as a destruction of corruption—“completely severed – cut off (entirely) from what could or should have been”[3]—rather than “an eternal sojourn in a lake of fire.”[4]  All in Israel could or should have been like Elkanah and Hannah but for their rejection of God as their king.

Perhaps Hannah’s prayer was an ecstatic expression of the Holy Spirit.  But I would like to think that she along with the Holy Spirit uncovered and rehearsed these words as she nursed, bathed, dressed and dandled the infant Samuel.  I would like to think that the words she prayed were the very words that empowered her to leave him there before the Lord, that she has revealed to us the strength by which He established His word—that is to say, fulfilled her vow.  For I know whom I have believed, Paul wrote to Timothy, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed unto Him against that Day.[5]

Tables comparing 1 Samuel 2:11; 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4; 1:5; 1:11; Numbers 30:10 (30:11); 30:11 (30:12); 30:12 (30:13); 30:13 (30:14); 1 Samuel 1:22; Deuteronomy 23:21 (23:22); 1 Samuel 1:23; Judges 21:25; 1 Samuel 8:7 and 8:8 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 2:11; 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4; 1:5; 1:11; Numbers 30:10 (30:11); 30:11 (30:12); 30:12 (30:13); 30:13 (30:14); 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 1:22; Deuteronomy 23:21 (23:22); 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 1:23; Judges 21:25; 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 8:7 and 8:8 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following these is a table comparing Matthew 7:13 in the NET and KJV.

1 Samuel 2:11 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:11 (KJV)

1 Samuel 2:11 (NET)

And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house.  And the child did minister unto HaShem before Eli the priest. And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest. Then Elkanah went back home to Ramah.  The boy Samuel was serving the Lord with the favor of Eli the priest.

1 Samuel 2:11 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ κατέλιπον αὐτὸν ἐκεῗ ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ ἀπῆλθον εἰς Αρμαθαιμ καὶ τὸ παιδάριον ἦν λειτουργῶν τῷ προσώπῳ κυρίου ἐνώπιον Ηλι τοῦ ἱερέως Καὶ κατέλιπεν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ ἐνώπιον Κυρίου καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς ᾿Αρμαθαίμ, καὶ τὸ παιδάριον ἦν λειτουργῶν τῷ προσώπῳ Κυρίου ἐνώπιον ῾Ηλὶ τοῦ ἱερέως

1 Reigns 2:11 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10e, 11 (English Elpenor)

And they left him there before the Lord and departed to Harmathaim, and the lad was ministering to the face of the Lord, before Eli the priest. And she left him there before the Lord, (11) and departed to Armathaim: and the child ministered in the presence of the Lord before Heli the priest.

1 Samuel 1:1 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:1 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:1 (NET)

NOW THERE was a certain man of Ramathaim-zophim, of the hill-country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: There was a man from Ramathaim Zophim, from the hill country of Ephraim.  His name was Elkanah.  He was the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite.

1 Samuel 1:1 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἄνθρωπος ἦν ἐξ Αρμαθαιμ Σιφα ἐξ ὄρους Εφραιμ καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ελκανα υἱὸς Ιερεμεηλ υἱοῦ Ηλιου υἱοῦ Θοκε ἐν Νασιβ Εφραιμ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ ἦν ἐξ ᾿Αρμαθαὶμ Σιφά, ἐξ ὄρους ᾿Εφραίμ, καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῷ ῾Ελκανὰ υἱὸς ῾Ιερεμεὴλ υἱοῦ ᾿Ηλιοὺ υἱοῦ Θοκὲ ἐν Νασὶβ ᾿Εφραίμ

1 Reigns 1:1 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:1 (English Elpenor)

There was a man of Harmathaim Sipha from the hill country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkana son of Ieremeel son of Eliou son of Thoke, in Nasib Ephraim. There was a man of Armathaim Sipha, of mount Ephraim, and his name [was] Helkana, a son of Jeremeel the son of Elias the son of Thoke, in Nasib Ephraim.

1 Samuel 1:2 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:2 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:2 (NET)

And he had two wives: the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah; and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. He had two wives; the name of the first was Hannah and the name of the second was Peninnah.  Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

1 Samuel 1:2 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ τούτῳ δύο γυναῗκες ὄνομα τῇ μιᾷ Αννα καὶ ὄνομα τῇ δευτέρᾳ Φεννανα καὶ ἦν τῇ Φεννανα παιδία καὶ τῇ Αννα οὐκ ἦν παιδίον καὶ τούτῳ δύο γυναῖκες· ὄνομα τῇ μιᾷ ῎Αννα,καὶ ὄνομα τῇ δευτέρᾳ Φεννάνα· καὶ ἦν τῇ Φεννάνᾳ παιδία, καὶ τῇ ῎Αννᾳ οὐκ ἦν παιδίον

1 Reigns 1:2 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:2 (English Elpenor)

And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the second Phennana.  And Phennana had children, and Hanna had no child. And he [had] two wives; the name of the one [was] Anna, and the name of the second Phennana.  And Phennana had children, but Anna had no child.

1 Samuel 1:3 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:3 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:3 (NET)

And this man went up out of his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice unto HaShem of hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there priests unto HaShem. And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to sacrifice unto the LORD of hosts in Shiloh.  And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there. This man would go up from his city year after year to worship and to sacrifice to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies at Shiloh. (It was there that the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, served as the Lord’s priests.)

1 Samuel 1:3 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἀνέβαινεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας ἐκ πόλεως αὐτοῦ ἐξ Αρμαθαιμ προσκυνεῗν καὶ θύειν τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ σαβαωθ εἰς Σηλω καὶ ἐκεῗ Ηλι καὶ οἱ δύο υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ Οφνι καὶ Φινεες ἱερεῗς τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ἀνέβαινεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας ἐκ πόλεως αὐτοῦ ἐξ ᾿Αρμαθαὶμ προσκυνεῖν καὶ θύειν Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ Σαβαὼθ εἰς Σηλώ· καὶ ἐκεῖ ῾Ηλὶ καὶ οἱ δύο υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ᾿Οφνὶ καὶ Φινεὲς ἱερεῖς τοῦ Κυρίου

1 Reigns 1:3 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:3 (English Elpenor)

And the man used to go up from days to days from his town, from Harmathaim, to do obeisance and to sacrifice to the Lord God Sabaoth at Selo, and there Eli and his two sons, Hophni and Phinees, were priests of the Lord. And the man went up from year to year from his city, from Armathaim, to worship and sacrifice to the Lord God of Sabaoth at Selom: and [there were] Heli and his two sons Ophni and Phinees, the priests of the Lord.

1 Samuel 1:4 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:4 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:4 (NET)

And it came to pass upon a day, when Elkanah sacrificed, that he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions; And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions: The day came, and Elkanah sacrificed.  (Now he used to give meat portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.

1 Samuel 1:4 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἔθυσεν Ελκανα καὶ ἔδωκεν τῇ Φεννανα γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῗς υἱοῗς αὐτῆς καὶ ταῗς θυγατράσιν αὐτῆς [and to her daughters] μερίδας καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡμέρα καὶ ἔθυσεν ῾Ελκανὰ καὶ ἔδωκε τῇ Φεννάνᾳ, γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτῆς μερίδας

1 Reigns 1:4 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:4 (English Elpenor)

And it happened on a day and Elkana sacrificed and gave portions to his wife Phennana and to her sons, And the day came, and Helkana sacrificed, and gave portions to his wife Phennana and her children.

1 Samuel 1:5 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:5 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:5 (NET)

but unto Hannah he gave a double portion; for he loved Hannah, but HaShem had shut up her womb. But unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the LORD had shut up her womb. But to Hannah he would give a double portion because he loved Hannah, although the Lord had not enabled her to have children.

1 Samuel 1:5 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ τῇ Αννα ἔδωκεν μερίδα μίαν ὅτι οὐκ ἦν αὐτῇ παιδίον πλὴν ὅτι τὴν Ανναν ἠγάπα Ελκανα ὑπὲρ ταύτην καὶ κύριος ἀπέκλεισεν τὰ περὶ τὴν μήτραν αὐτῆς καὶ τῇ ῎Αννᾳ ἔδωκε μερίδα μίαν, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν αὐτῇ παιδίον, πλὴν ὅτι τὴν ῎Ανναν ἠγάπα ῾Ελκανὰ ὑπὲρ ταύτην. καὶ Κύριος ἀπέκλεισε τὰ περὶ τὴν μήτραν αὐτῆς

1 Reigns 1:5 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:5 (English Elpenor)

and to Hanna he gave one portion, because she did not have a child; however, Elkana loved Hanna more than this one, and the Lord had closed the area of her womb. And to Anna he gave a prime portion, because she had no child, only Helkana loved Anna more than the other; but the Lord [had] closed her womb.

1 Samuel 1:11 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:11 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:11 (NET)

And she vowed a vow, and said: ‘O HaShem of hosts, if Thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of Thy handmaid, and remember me, and not forget Thy handmaid, but wilt give unto Thy handmaid a man-child, then I will give him unto HaShem all the days of his life, and there shall no razor come upon his head.’ And she vowed a vow, and said, O LORD of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child, then I will give him unto the LORD all the days of his life, and there shall no razor come upon his head. She made a vow saying, “O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, if you would truly look on the suffering of your servant, and would keep me in mind and not neglect your servant, and give your servant a male child, then I will dedicate him to the Lord all the days of his life.  His hair will never be cut.”

1 Samuel 1:11 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν κυρίῳ λέγουσα Αδωναι κύριε ελωαι σαβαωθ ἐὰν ἐπιβλέπων ἐπιβλέψῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης σου καὶ μνησθῇς μου καὶ δῷς τῇ δούλῃ σου σπέρμα ἀνδρῶν καὶ δώσω αὐτὸν ἐνώπιόν σου δοτὸν ἕως ἡμέρας θανάτου αὐτοῦ καὶ οἶνον καὶ μέθυσμα οὐ πίεται καὶ σίδηρος οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν Κυρίῳ λέγουσα· ᾿Αδωναΐ Κύριε ᾿Ελωὲ Σαβαώθ, ἐὰν ἐπιβλέπων ἐπιβλέψῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης σου καὶ μνησθῇς μου καὶ δῷς τῇ δούλῃ σου σπέρμα ἀνδρῶν, καὶ δώσω αὐτὸν ἐνώπιόν σου δοτὸν ἕως ἡμέρας θανάτου αὐτοῦ, καὶ οἶνον καὶ μέθυσμα οὐ πίεται, καὶ σίδηρος οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ

1 Reigns 1:11 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:11 (English Elpenor)

and vowed a vow to the Lord, saying: “Adonai, Lord, Eloai, Sabaoth, if looking you will look on the humiliation of your slave and remember me and give to your slave an offspring of men, and I will give him as one devoted before you until the day of his death, and wine and strong drink he shall not drink, and no iron shall come upon his head.” And she vowed a vow to the Lord, saying, O Lord God of Sabaoth, if thou wilt indeed look upon the humiliation of thine handmaid, and remember me, and give to thine handmaid a man-child, then will I indeed dedicate him to thee till the day of his death; and he shall drink no wine nor strong drink, and no razor shall come upon his head.

Numbers 30:11 (Tanakh)

Numbers 30:10 (KJV)

Numbers 30:10 (NET)

And if a woman vowed in her husband’s house, or bound her soul by a bond with an oath, And if she vowed in her husband’s house, or bound her soul by a bond with an oath; If she made the vow in her husband’s house or put herself under obligation with an oath,

Numbers 30:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 30:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ἡ εὐχὴ αὐτῆς ἢ ὁ ὁρισμὸς κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς μεθ᾽ ὅρκου ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ἡ εὐχὴ αὐτῆς ἢ ὁ ὁρισμὸς κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς μεθ’ ὅρκου

Numbers 30:11 (NETS)

Numbers 30:11 (English Elpenor)

And if her vow was in her husband’s house or her determination against her soul was with an oath And if her vow [be made] in the house of her husband, or the obligation upon her soul with an oath,

Numbers 30:12 (Tanakh)

Numbers 30:11 (KJV)

Numbers 30:11 (NET)

and her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not, then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand. And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand. and her husband heard about it, but remained silent about her, and did not overrule her, then all her vows will stand, and every obligation which she pledged for herself will stand.

Numbers 30:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 30:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς καὶ παρασιωπήσῃ αὐτῇ καὶ μὴ ἀνανεύσῃ αὐτῇ καὶ στήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς καὶ πάντες οἱ ὁρισμοὶ αὐτῆς οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς στήσονται κατ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς καὶ παρασιωπήσῃ αὐτῇ καὶ μὴ ἀνανεύσῃ αὐτῇ, καὶ στήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς, καὶ πάντες οἱ ὁρισμοὶ αὐτῆς, οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς, στήσονται κατ’ αὐτῆς

Numbers 30:12 (NETS)

Numbers 30:12 (English Elpenor)

and if her husband hears and says nothing to her and does not withhold consent to her, then all her vows shall stand, and all her determinations which she determined for herself against her soul—they shall stand regarding her. and her husband should hear, and hold his peace at her, and not disallow her, then all her vows shall stand, and all the obligations which she contracted against her soul, shall stand against her.

Numbers 30:13 (Tanakh)

Numbers 30:12 (KJV)

Numbers 30:12 (NET)

But if her husband make them null and void in the day that he heareth them, then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips, whether it were her vows, or the bond of her soul, shall not stand: her husband hath made them void; and HaShem will forgive her. But if her husband hath utterly made them void on the day he heard them; then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips concerning her vows, or concerning the bond of her soul, shall not stand: her husband hath made them void; and the LORD shall forgive her. But if her husband clearly nullifies them when he hears them, then whatever she says by way of vows or obligations will not stand. Her husband has made them void, and the Lord will release her from them.

Numbers 30:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 30:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐὰν δὲ περιελὼν περιέλῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀκούσῃ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τῶν χειλέων αὐτῆς κατὰ τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτῆς καὶ κατὰ τοὺς ὁρισμοὺς τοὺς κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς οὐ μενεῗ αὐτῇ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς περιεῗλεν καὶ κύριος καθαρίσει αὐτήν ἐὰν δὲ περιελὼν περιέλῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς, ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀκούσῃ, πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τῶν χειλέων αὐτῆς κατὰ τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτῆς καὶ κατὰ τοὺς ὁρισμοὺς τοὺς κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς, οὐ μενεῖ αὐτῇ· ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς περιεῖλε, καὶ Κύριος καθαριεῖ αὐτήν

Numbers 30:13 (NETS)

Numbers 30:13 (English Elpenor)

But if her husband in canceling cancels them on the day when he hears, all the things that proceed out of her lips regarding her vows and regarding her determination that are against her soul shall not remain for her.  Her husband canceled them, and the Lord will clear her. But if her husband should utterly cancel the vow in the day in which he shall hear it, none of the things which shall proceed out of her lips in her vows, and in the obligations [contracted] upon her soul, shall stand to her; her husband has canceled them, and the Lord shall hold her guiltless.

Numbers 30:14 (Tanakh)

Numbers 30:13 (KJV)

Numbers 30:13 (NET)

Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may let it stand, or her husband may make it void. Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void. “Any vow or sworn obligation that would bring affliction to her, her husband can confirm or nullify.

Numbers 30:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Numbers 30:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)

πᾶσα εὐχὴ καὶ πᾶς ὅρκος δεσμοῦ κακῶσαι ψυχήν ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς στήσει αὐτῇ καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς περιελεῗ πᾶσα εὐχὴ καὶ πᾶς ὅρκος δεσμοῦ κακῶσαι ψυχήν, ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς στήσει αὐτῇ καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς περιελεῖ

Numbers 30:14 (NETS)

Numbers 30:14 (English Elpenor)

Every vow and every oath for binding, to afflict the soul, her husband shall establish for her, and her husband shall cancel. Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict her soul, her husband shall confirm it to her, or her husband shall cancel it.

1 Samuel 1:22 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:22 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:22 (NET)

But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband: ‘Until the child be weaned, when I will bring him, that he may appear before HaShem, and there abide for ever.’ But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband, I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and there abide for ever. But Hannah did not go up with them, because she had told her husband, “Not until the boy is weaned. Then I will bring him so that he may appear before the Lord.  And he will remain there from then on.”

1 Samuel 1:22 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ Αννα οὐκ ἀνέβη μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ὅτι εἶπεν τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς ἕως τοῦ ἀναβῆναι τὸ παιδάριον ἐὰν ἀπογαλακτίσω αὐτό καὶ ὀφθήσεται τῷ προσώπῳ κυρίου καὶ καθήσεται ἐκεῗ ἕως αἰῶνος καὶ ῎Αννα οὐκ ἀνέβη μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι εἶπε τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς· ἕως τοῦ ἀναβῆναι τὸ παιδάριον, ἐὰν ἀπογαλακτίσω αὐτό, καὶ ὀφθήσεται τῷ προσώπῳ Κυρίου καὶ καθήσεται ἕως αἰῶνος ἐκεῖ

1 Reigns 1:22 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:22 (English Elpenor)

and Hanna did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, “Until the boy goes up if I shall wean it, and it will appear to the face of the Lord and stay there forever.” But Anna did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, [I will not go up] until the child goes up, when I have weaned him, and he shall be presented before the Lord, and he shall abide there continually.

Deuteronomy 23:22 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 23:21 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 23:21 (NET)

When thou shalt vow a vow unto HaShem thy G-d, thou shalt not be slack to pay it; for HaShem thy G-d will surely require it of thee; and it will be sin in thee. When thou shalt vow a vow unto the LORD thy God, thou shalt not slack to pay it: for the LORD thy God will surely require it of thee; and it would be sin in thee. When you make a vow to the Lord your God you must not delay in fulfilling it, for otherwise he will surely hold you accountable as a sinner.

Deuteronomy 23:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 23:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐὰν δὲ εὔξῃ εὐχὴν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ σου οὐ χρονιεῗς ἀποδοῦναι αὐτήν ὅτι ἐκζητῶν ἐκζητήσει κύριος ὁ θεός σου παρὰ σοῦ καὶ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ ἁμαρία Εὰν δὲ εὔξῃ εὐχὴν Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ σου, οὐ χρονιεῖς ἀποδοῦναι αὐτήν, ὅτι ἐκζητῶν ἐκζητήσει Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου παρὰ σοῦ, καὶ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ ἁμαρτία

Deuteronomy 23:21 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 23:22 (English Elpenor)

Now if you vow a vow to the Lord your God, you shall not delay to pay it.  For the Lord your God, when he requires, will require it of you, and it will be a sin with you. And if thou wilt vow a vow to the Lord thy God, thou shalt not delay to pay it; for the Lord thy God will surely require it of thee, and [otherwise] it shall be sin in thee.

1 Samuel 1:23 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 1:23 (KJV)

1 Samuel 1:23 (NET)

And Elkanah her husband said unto her: ‘Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only HaShem establish His word.’  So the woman tarried and gave her son suck, until she weaned him. And Elkanah her husband said unto her, Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only the LORD establish his word.  So the woman abode, and gave her son suck until she weaned him. Then her husband Elkanah said to her, “Do what you think best. Stay until you have weaned him. Only may the Lord fulfill his promise.”  So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him.

1 Samuel 1:23 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 1:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Ελκανα ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ποίει τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῗς σου κάθου ἕως ἂν ἀπογαλακτίσῃς αὐτό ἀλλὰ στήσαι κύριος τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἐθήλασεν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς ἕως ἂν ἀπογαλακτίσῃ αὐτόν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ ῾Ελκανὰ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς· ποίει τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου, κάθου ἕως ἂν ἀπογαλακτίσῃς αὐτό· ἀλλὰ στήσαι Κύριος τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου. καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἐθήλασε τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς, ἕως ἂν ἀπογαλακτίσῃ αὐτόν

1 Reigns 1:23 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:23 (English Elpenor)

And her husband Elkana said to her, “Do what is good in your sight; stay until you have weaned him; only may the Lord establish that which goes out of your mouth.”  And the woman remained and nursed her son until she weaned him. And Helkana her husband said to her, Do that which is good in thine eyes, abide still until thou shalt have weaned him; but may the Lord establish that which comes out of thy mouth: and the woman tarried, and suckled her son until she had weaned him.

Judges 21:25 (Tanakh)

Judges 21:25 (KJV)

Judges 21:25 (NET)

In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes. In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes. In those days Israel had no king.  Each man did what he considered to be right.

Judges 21:25 (Septuagint BLB)

Judges 21:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐν ταῗς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις οὐκ ἦν βασιλεὺς ἐν Ισραηλ ἀνὴρ ἕκαστος τὸ εὐθὲς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῗς αὐτοῦ ἐποίει ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις οὐκ ἦν βασιλεὺς ἐν ᾿Ισραήλ· ἀνὴρ τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐποίει

Judges 21:25 (NETS)

Judges 21:25 (English Elpenor)

In those days there was no king in Israel; each man would do what was right in his own eyes. And in those days there was no king in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own sight.

1 Samuel 8:7 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 8:7 (KJV)

1 Samuel 8:7 (NET)

And HaShem said unto Samuel: ‘Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee; for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected Me, that I should not be king over them. And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. The Lord said to Samuel, “Do everything the people request of you.  For it is not you that they have rejected, but it is me that they have rejected as their king.

1 Samuel 8:7 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 8:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Σαμουηλ ἄκουε τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ λαοῦ καθὰ ἂν λαλήσωσίν σοι ὅτι οὐ σὲ ἐξουθενήκασιν ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐμὲ ἐξουδενώκασιν τοῦ μὴ βασιλεύειν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς Σαμουήλ· ἄκουε τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ λαοῦ, καθὰ ἂν λαλῶσί σοι· ὅτι οὐ σὲ ἐξουθενήκασιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ἐμὲ ἐξουθενήκασι τοῦ μὴ βασιλεύειν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν

1 Reigns 8:7 (NETS)

1 Kings 8:7 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord said to Samouel, “Listen to the voice of the people in whatever they say to you, for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over them. And the Lord said to Samuel, Hear the voice of the people, in whatever they shall say to thee; for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me from reigning over them.

1 Samuel 8:8 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 8:8 (KJV)

1 Samuel 8:8 (NET)

According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, in that they have forsaken Me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee. According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have forsaken me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee. Just as they have done from the day that I brought them up from Egypt until this very day, they have rejected me and have served other gods.  This is what they are also doing to you.

1 Samuel 8:8 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 8:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

κατὰ πάντα τὰ ποιήματα ἃ ἐποίησάν μοι ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἡμέρας ἀνήγαγον αὐτοὺς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης καὶ ἐγκατέλιπόν με καὶ ἐδούλευον θεοῗς ἑτέροις οὕτως αὐτοὶ ποιοῦσιν καὶ σοί κατὰ πάντα τὰ ποιήματα, ἃ ἐποίησάν μοι ἀφ᾿ ἧς ἡμέρας ἀνήγαγον αὐτοὺς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης καὶ ἐγκατέλιπόν με καὶ ἐδούλευον θεοῖς ἑτέροις, οὕτως αὐτοὶ ποιοῦσι καὶ σοί

1 Reigns 8:8 (NETS)

1 Kings 8:8 (English Elpenor)

According to all the deeds that they did to me from the day I brought them up out of Egypt to this day, and they forsook me and were subject to other gods, so also they are doing to you. According to all their doings which they have done to me, from the day that I brought them out of Egypt until this day, even [as] they have deserted me, and served other gods, so they do also to thee.

Matthew 7:13 (NET)

Matthew 7:13 (KJV)

“Enter through the narrow gate, because the gate is wide and the way is spacious that leads to destruction, and there are many who enter through it. Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat:

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης· ὅτι πλατεῖα |ἡ πύλη| καὶ εὐρύχωρος ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν καὶ πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ εἰσερχόμενοι δι᾿ αὐτῆς εισελθετε δια της στενης πυλης οτι πλατεια η πυλη και ευρυχωρος η οδος η απαγουσα εις την απωλειαν και πολλοι εισιν οι εισερχομενοι δι αυτης εισελθετε δια της στενης πυλης οτι πλατεια η πυλη και ευρυχωρος η οδος η απαγουσα εις την απωλειαν και πολλοι εισιν οι εισερχομενοι δι αυτης

[1] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had Εἰσέλθατε here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εισελθετε (KJV: Enter ye).

[2] Matthew 7:13, 14 (NET) Table

[3] A quotation from the definition of ἀπώλεια on BibleHub.

[4] For this is the way God loved the world: He gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish (ἀπόληται, a form of ἀπόλλυμι) but have eternal life.  For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn (κρίνῃ, a form of κρίνω) the world, but that the world should be saved through him (John 3:16, 17 NET Table).  To interpret destruction (ἀπώλειαν, a form of ἀπώλεια) so as to force Jesus to condemn most people seems wrong to me now.  Who is the one who will condemn (κατακρινῶν, a form of κατακρίνω)?  Christ is the one who died (and more than that, he was raised), who is at the right hand of God, and who also is interceding for us (Romans 8:34 NET Table).

[5] 2 Timothy 1:12 (KJV)

Hannah’s Prayer, Part 5

He will keep the feet of His holy ones, Hannah’s prayer continued, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail.[1]  Only the third clause gets any corroboration from the Septuagint.  I’ll examine the first two clauses in detail using Morfix online.

Morfix translates contemporary Hebrew, not necessarily or exclusively biblical Hebrew, but it’s the online source I’ve found to begin to get a handle on Hebrew homographs.  I copied the Hebrew word from the Engish/Hebrew Tanakh on Chabad.org.  If I got no result when I pasted it into Morfix I tried the same word (without vowel points) from the NET parallel Hebrew.  (I’m assuming for the moment the failure has something to do with the way my copy/paste function handles vowel points.)

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:9a (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9a (NET) 1 Reigns 2:9a (NETS)

1 Kings 2:9a (Elpenor English)

He will keep the feet of His holy ones, He watches over his holy ones, “Granting the prayer to the one who prays, granting his petition to him that prays;

1 Samuel 2:9a

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
רַגְלֵ֚י the feet רֶגֶל leg; stem (of a goblet, wineglass); foot; (prosody) meter; ברגל – on foot, by foot
רֶגֶל (Jewish ritual) each of the three pilgrimage festivals (Sukkot, Passover, or Shavuot); (biblical) time, occasion
רִגֵּל to spy; to tail, to shadow
חֲסִידָיו֙ of his holy ones חָסִיד Hassid (follower of a Hassidic sect); follower of, aficionado, “fan”, devotee; (literary) devout person, God-fearing person, religiously observant person; righteous, pious, kind
כתיב כְּתִיב spelling[2]
חֲסִידָו֙ חסידו N/A
ישמר יִשְׁמֹ֔ר He will keep שִׁמֵּר to preserve; to maintain
שָׁמַר to guard; to safeguard; to watch, to supervise; to keep, to maintain; to observe (rules)
נִשְׁמַר to be kept, to be safeguarded; to be maintained; to be saved, to be reserved; to be observed, to be fulfilled (a rule, regulation, directive)
שֻׁמַּר to be preserved, to be pickled

There doesn’t appear to be any way to derive granting his petition to him that prays from Hebrew homographs of the Masoretic text.  I note that He will keep the feet of His holy ones might be considered a more general analog relative to the specificity of granting his petition to him that prays to Hannah’s own circumstance (1 Samuel 1:10-20).

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:9b (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9b (NET) 1 Reigns 2:9b (NETS)

1 Kings 2:9 (Elpenor English)

but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness, he has even blessed the years of the righteous, and he blesses the years of the righteous,

1 Samuel 2:9b

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
ורשעים וּרְשָׁעִ֖ים but the wicked רָשָׁע evil person; criminal
בחשך בַּח֣שֶׁךְ in darkness חֹשֶׁךְ darkness; evil, forces of darkness
חָשֵׁךְ (flowery) dark, gloomy, lifeless
ידמו יִדָּ֑מּוּ shall be put to silence דָּמָה to resemble; (flowery) to seem, to appear
דִּמָּה to imagine; to conceptualize, to visualize; to compare
הִדְמָה to simulate
הִדַּמָּה to model oneself on, to copy, to ape; (phonetics) to be assimilated
דָּמַם (literary) to silence, to quieten; (literary) to cease moving, to stand still
נָדַם (literary) to be silent, to be silenced, to be quiet
נִדְמָה to resemble, to be similar to

Again, it doesn’t seem possible to derive and he blesses the years of the righteous from homographs of the Hebrew of the Masoretic text.  I note that but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness is the logical inverse of and he blesses the years of the righteous, contrasting the death of the wicked to the life of the righteous.  Someone made a deliberate change, but whom?

He lifts up the poor from the earth, and raises the needy from the dunghill; to seat him with the princes of the people, and causing them to inherit the throne of glory (Table): granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength cannot man prevail (Table).[3]  This certainly directs my thoughts to Jesus, specifically his petition: Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.[4]

The same verses from the Masoretic text, not so much: He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory; for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them (Table). He will keep the feet of His holy ones, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail (Table).[5]

When I consider that the Masoretes’ attempt “to decipher the authentic word of God and eliminate the dissimilarities” of the “many disparities of the Torah [that] emerged as countless scribes wrote numerous scrolls” was guided by “their ultimate goal…to uphold the traditions of the Jewish people,”[6] I think the Septuagint may be more original here.  The translation—but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness—is somewhat clever.  But it scarcely hides the Masoretes’ profound wish that the wicked shall be cut off in darkness,[7] if the wicked are understood as those pesky believers who kept finding Jesus in the Hebrew Scriptures.  As such, it provides a tacit acknowledgement that petition was original here, a petition that was not being granted even as Hannah asserted that the Lord is granting his petition to him that prays.

The entire verse reads:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:9 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:9 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:9 (Elpenor English)

He will keep the feet of His holy ones, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail. He watches over his holy ones, but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness, for it is not by one’s own strength that one prevails. “Granting the prayer to the one who prays, he has even blessed the years of the righteous, because not by strength is a man mighty. granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength cannot man prevail.

If you remain in me and my words remain in you, Jesus promised, ask whatever you want, and it will be done for you.  My Father is honored by this, that you bear much fruit and show that you are my disciples.[8]

Hannah continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10 (Elpenor English)

They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces; against them will He thunder in heaven; HaShem will judge the ends of the earth; and He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed. The Lord shatters his adversaries; he thunders against them from the heavens.  The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.  He will strengthen his king and exalt the power of his anointed one.” The Lord will make his adversary weak; the Lord is holy.  Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land.  The Lord ascended to the heavens and thundered.  He will judge earth’s ends and gives strength to our kings and will exalt the horn of his anointed.” The Lord will weaken his adversary; the Lord [is] holy.  Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.  The Lord has gone up to the heavens, and has thundered: he will judge the extremities of the earth, and he gives strength to our kings, and will exalt the horn of his Christ.  And she left him [e.g., Samuel] there before the Lord,

I’ll consider each part of this verse in turn.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10a (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10a (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10a (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10a (Elpenor English)

They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces; The Lord shatters his adversaries; The Lord will make his adversary weak; The Lord will weaken his adversary;

1 Samuel 2:10a

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
יהוה יְהֹוָ֞ה HaShem יְהֹוָה (biblical) Jehovah, God, the Lord
הִוָּה to constitute
יחתו יֵחַ֣תּוּ shall be broken to pieces חָתָה to stir (fire), to rake (coals)
חַת (flowery) to be afraid, to be terrified
נִחַת (biblical) to be horrified, to be terrified
מריביו מְרִיבָ֗יו N/A
כתיב כְּתִיב spelling[9]
מְרִיבָ֗ו They that strive with רִיב quarrel, argument, dispute
רֵיְב rave (large dancing party)

Morfix wasn’t much help for an understanding of יֵחַ֣תּוּ (shall be broken to pieces).  I copied and pasted the form חָתַת from Strong’s Concordance and Morfix came up with “(literary) fear, terror.”  Strong’s definition of חָתַת (châthath) reads: “A primitive root; properly to prostrate; hence to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear.”  And the NET reads: “1) to go down, descend 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go down, descend 1a2) to descend, descend into (chastisement) (fig.) 1b) (Niphal) to come down into, penetrate 1c) (Piel) to cause to descend, press down, stretch (a bow) 1d) (Hiphil) to bring down.”

Moses said: Behold, HaShem thy G-d hath set the land before thee; go up, take possession (Hebrews 3:7-4:11), as HaShem, the G-d of thy fathers, hath spoken unto thee; fear not, neither be dismayed[10] (תֵּחָֽת).  But the rabbis’ chose δειλιάσητε (a form of δειλιάω: to be afraid, fear, be fearful; to be timid, be cowardly) in this context rather than ἀσθενῆ (a form of ἀσθενής: weak, powerless; weak and easily defeated; sick, ill, unhealthy; physically weak, feeble, miserable; morally weak; weak in influence, without influence; structurally weak {e.g., weak stones unable to support}).

As I meditate on the meaning of these words I can’t help but recall Paul’s letter to believers in Philippi (Philippians 2:5-11 NET):

You should have the same attitude[11] toward one another that Christ Jesus had, who though he existed in the form of God did not regard equality with God as something to be grasped, but[12] emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature.  He humbled himself, by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross!  As a result God highly exalted him and gave him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow—in heaven and on earth and under the earth—and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.

To an unbeliever this is a dreadful fate reserved for one’s worst enemies.  To a believer this is the wisdom and power of God unto salvation as He transfigures his adversary (ἀντίδικον), one adversary at a time into his sons.  Again, Paul wrote to believers in Corinth (2 Corinthians 12:9, 10 NET):

But [the Lord] said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my[13] power is made perfect[14] in weakness (ἀσθενείᾳ).”  So then, I will boast most gladly about my weaknesses (ἀσθενείαις), so that the power of Christ may reside in me.  Therefore I am content with weaknesses (ἀσθενείαις), with insults, with troubles, with persecutions and[15] difficulties for the sake of Christ, for whenever I am weak (ἀσθενῶ), then I am strong.

Hannah’s prayer continued in the Septuagint:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10b (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10b (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10b (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10b (Elpenor English)

the Lord is holy. the Lord [is] holy.

Here I was reminded of David’s words:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (Tanakh) 1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (NET) 1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (NETS)

1 Chronicles 28:2, 3 (Elpenor English)

Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: King David rose to his feet and said: “Listen to me, my brothers and my people.  I wanted to build a temple where the ark of the Lord’s covenant could be placed as a footstool for our God.  I have made the preparations for building it. And Dauid stood in the midst of the assembly and said, “Here me, my brothers and people.  It was in my heart to build a house of repose for the ark of the covenant of the Lord and a station for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared the materials for the encamping. And David stood in the midst of the assembly, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: it was in my heart to build a house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and a place for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared [materials] suitable for the building:
But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. But God said to me, ‘You must not build a temple to honor me, for you are a warrior and have spilled blood.’ And God said, ‘You shall not build me a house for my name to be called upon it, because you have been a person of war and have spilled blood.’ but God said, Thou shalt not build me a house to call my name upon it, for thou art a man of war, and hast shed blood.

Frankly, David’s words haven’t helped me distinguish whether the Masoretes were discomforted by They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces and removed the Lord [is] holy, or whether the rabbis who translated The Lord will weaken his adversary felt that the Lord [is] holy was needed as an editorial comment.  Perhaps it’s here to remind me what it’s like when the Masoretic text and Septuagint are in agreement before I move on.  Hannah’s prayer continued in the Septuagint.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10c (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10c (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10c (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10c (Elpenor English)

Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land. Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.

The first part of this is virtually identical to a passage in Jeremiah.  There are some word substitutions which scarcely alter the meaning of the text.

1 Samuel 2:10c-1 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:10c-1 (Septuagint Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύϊ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ

1 Reigns 2:10c-1 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10c-1 (English Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:23 (NETS)

Jeremiah 9:23 (English Elpenor)

Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; Let not the wise boast in his wisdom, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, and let not the strong man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth;

The second part is more provocative.  In Hannah’s prayer the boast is: to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.  In Jeremiah’s prophecy the boast is: that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD.[16]

1 Samuel 2:10c-2 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:10c-2 (Septuagint Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν κύριον καὶ ποιεῗν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνιεῖν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν Κύριον καὶ ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου λέγει κύριος ἀλλ’ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνίειν καὶ γινώσκεν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου, λέγει Κύριος

1 Reigns 2:10c-2 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10c-2 (English Elpenor) Jeremiah 9:24 (NETS)

Jeremiah 9:24 (English Elpenor)

but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land. but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth. But let him who boasts boast in this: that he understands and knows that I am the Lord when I do mercy and justice and righteousness in the earth, because in these things is my will, says the Lord. but let him that boasts boast in this, the understanding and knowing that I am the Lord that exercise mercy, and judgment, and righteousness, upon the earth; for in these things is my pleasure, saith the Lord.

I lean toward the idea that these words were removed by the Masoretes.  Translators have a different mission entirely: “We added a couple of cleverly edited verses from Jeremiah to make it appear that these concepts were prayed by a woman centuries earlier,” is not really part of a translator’s job description.  The Masoretes’ “ultimate goal…to uphold the traditions of the Jewish people,” “to decipher the authentic word of God and eliminate the dissimilarities” of the “many disparities of the Torah”[17] seems more promising.  Jeremiah continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (NET) Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (NETS)

Jeremiah 9:25, 26 (Elpenor English)

Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; The Lord says, “Watch out!  The time is soon coming when I will punish all those who are circumcised only in the flesh. Behold, days are coming,says the Lord, and I will visit on all circumcised their foreskin: Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will visit upon all the circumcised their uncircumcision;
Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. That is, I will punish the Egyptians, the Judeans, the Edomites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, and all the desert people who cut their hair short at the temples.  I will do so because none of the people of those nations are really circumcised in the Lord’s sight.  Moreover, none of the people of Israel are circumcised when it comes to their hearts.” on Egypt and on Judea and on Edom and on the sons of Ammon and on the sons of Moab and on every one who shaves all around what is on his face, those who live in the wilderness, because all the nations are uncircumcised in the flesh and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in their heart. on Egypt, and on Idumea, and on Edom, and on the children of Ammon, and on the children of Moab, and on every one that shaves his face round about, [even] them that dwell in the wilderness; for all the Gentiles are uncircumcised in flesh, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised [in] their hearts.

In Hannah’s prayer the ones who boast to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land were apparently descendants of Israel.  In the reprise of these concepts in Jeremiah’s prophecy it is more doubtful that they possessed the understanding and knowing that I am the Lord that exercise mercy, and judgment, and righteousness, upon the earth; for in these things is my pleasure, saith the Lord.  So if deleting one or the other was the order of the day, why not delete the instance in Jeremiah?

Jeremiah’s prophecy has come to pass.  It is an indelible part of Israel’s history.  Hannah’s prayer is not yet fulfilled, and won’t be until descendants of Israel in Jerusalem say, Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord![18]

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Zechariah 12:10 (Tanakh) Zechariah 12:10 (NET) Zechariah 12:10 (NETS)

Zechariah 12:10 (Elpenor English)

And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced (דָּקָ֑רוּ), and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced (דקרו).  They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn. And I will pour out a spirit of grace and compassion on the house of Dauid and on the inhabitants of Ierousalem, and they shall look to me because they have danced triumphantly (κατωρχήσαντο), and they shall mourn for him with a mourning as for a loved one, and they shall be pained with pain as for a firstborn. And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have mocked (κατωρχήσαντο) [me], and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved [friend], and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn [son].

Morfix Translation

Hebrew Tanakh Homographs English Definitions
דקרו דָּקָ֑רוּ pierced דָּקַר to stab, to prick; (colloquial) to annoy, to irritate, to get someone’s goat
דֶּקֶר pick (noun); (military) probe, prodder; (fencing) epee
דִּקֵּר to puncture
דַּקָּר grouper (fish), Jaffa cod

I’m not sure how early “to annoy, to irritate, to get someone’s goat” became a colloquial meaning of דָּקַר, but it does help to explain the rabbis’ choice κατωρχήσαντο: “to mock; to dance in triumph over; to treat spitefully” according to the Koine Greek Lexicon.  From κατωρχήσαντο it’s not too hard to see how English translators of the Elpenor Septuagint with a Christian bias chose they have mocked while the BLB had the more Jewish interpretation: “they have danced triumphantly.”  As I wrote in another essay: “The translators of the Septuagint couldn’t imagine a scenario in which yehôvâh (יהוה) could be pierced.”  At least this verse of the Septuagint was not a hoax perpetrated by lying Christian apologists.[19]

Hannah’s prayer continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:10d (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10d (NET) 1 Reigns 2:10d (NETS)

1 Kings 2:10d (Elpenor English)

against them will He thunder in heaven; HaShem will judge the ends of the earth; and He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed. he thunders against them from the heavens.  The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.  He will strengthen his king and exalt the power of his anointed one.” The Lord ascended to the heavens and thundered.  He will judge earth’s ends and gives strength to our kings and will exalt the horn of his anointed.” The Lord has gone up to the heavens, and has thundered: he will judge the extremities of the earth, and he gives strength to our kings, and will exalt the horn of his Christ.

There was no mention that the The Lord “ascended” or has gone up (ἀνέβη) to the heavens in the Masoretic text.  That would be way too reminiscent of Luke’s account (Acts 1:6-11 NET):

So when they had gathered together, they began to ask him, “Lord, is this the time when you are restoring the kingdom to Israel?” [Table]  He told them, “You are not permitted to know the times or periods that the Father has set by his own authority.  But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the farthest parts of the earth.” [Table]  After he had said this, while they were watching, he was lifted up (ἐπήρθη) and a cloud hid him from their sight.  As they were still staring into the sky while he was going, suddenly two men in white clothing[20] stood near them and said,[21] “Men of Galilee, why do you stand here looking up into the sky? This same Jesus who has been taken up (ἀναλημφθεὶς) from you into heaven will come back in the same way you saw him go into heaven.”

I’ll finish this in other essay.  A table comparing Jesus’ quotation in Matthew 23:39 to the Septuagint follows:

Matthew 23:39b (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 118:26a (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 117:26a (Septuagint Elpenor)

εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου

Matthew 23:39b (NET)

Psalm 117:26a (NETS)

Psalm 117:26a (English Elpenor)

Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord. Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord:

Tables comparing 1 Samuel 2:9; 2:10; Deuteronmy 1:21; 1 Chronicles 28:2; 28:3; Jeremiah 9:23; 9:24; 9:25; 9:26; Psalm 118:26 and Zechariah 12:10 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET, and comparing 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 2:9; 2:10; Deuteronomy 1:21; 1 Chronicles (Supplements) 28:2; 28:3; Jeremiah 923; 9:24; 9:25; 9:26; Psalm 118:26 (117:26) and Zechariah 12:10 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following these are tables comparing Philippians 2:5; 2:7; 2 Corinthians12:9, 10 and Acts 1:10, 11 in the NET and KJV.

1 Samuel 2:9 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:9 (KJV) 1 Samuel 2:9 (NET)
He will keep the feet of His holy ones, but the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness; for not by strength shall man prevail. He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail. He watches over his holy ones, but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness, for it is not by one’s own strength that one prevails.
1 Samuel 2:9 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Kings 2:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)
διδοὺς εὐχὴν τῷ εὐχομένῳ καὶ εὐλόγησεν ἔτη δικαίου ὅτι οὐκ ἐν ἰσχύι δυνατὸς ἀνήρ διδοὺς εὐχὴν τῷ εὐχομένῳ καὶ εὐλόγησεν ἔτη δικαίου· ὅτι οὐκ ἐν ἰσχύϊ δυνατὸς ἀνήρ
1 Reigns 2:9 (NETS) 1 Kings 2:9 (English Elpenor)
“Granting the prayer to the one who prays, he has even blessed the years of the righteous, because not by strength is a man mighty. granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength cannot man prevail.
1 Samuel 2:10 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:10 (KJV) 1 Samuel 2:10 (NET)
They that strive with HaShem shall be broken to pieces; against them will He thunder in heaven; HaShem will judge the ends of the earth; and He will give strength unto His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed. The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed. The Lord shatters his adversaries; he thunders against them from the heavens.  The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.  He will strengthen his king and exalt the power of his anointed one.”
1 Samuel 2:10 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Kings 2:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
κύριος ἀσθενῆ ποιήσει ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ κύριος ἅγιος μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν κύριον καὶ ποιεῗν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς κύριος ἀνέβη εἰς οὐρανοὺς καὶ ἐβρόντησεν αὐτὸς κρινεῗ ἄκρα γῆς καὶ δίδωσιν ἰσχὺν τοῗς βασιλεῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ ὑψώσει κέρας χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ Κύριος ἀσθενῆ ποιήσει ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ, Κύριος ἅγιος. μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ φρόνιμος ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ δυνατὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνιεῖν καὶ γινώσκειν τὸν Κύριον καὶ ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς. Κύριος ἀνέβη εἰς οὐρανοὺς καὶ ἐβρόντησεν, αὐτὸς κρινεῖ ἄκρα γῆς, καὶ δίδωσιν ἰσχὺν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ ὑψώσει κέρας χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ
1 Reigns 2:10 (NETS) 1 Kings 2:10 (English Elpenor)
The Lord will make his adversary weak; the Lord is holy.  Let not the clever boast in his cleverness, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, but let him who boasts boast in this: to understand and know the Lord and to execute justice and righteousness in the midst of the land.  The Lord ascended to the heavens and thundered.  He will judge earth’s ends and gives strength to our kings and will exalt the horn of his anointed.” The Lord will weaken his adversary; the Lord [is] holy.  Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, nor let the mighty man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; but let him that boasts boast in this, to understand and know the Lord, and to execute judgement and justice in the midst of the earth.  The Lord has gone up to the heavens, and has thundered: he will judge the extremities of the earth, and he gives strength to our kings, and will exalt the horn of his Christ.
Deuteronomy 1:21 (Tanakh) Deuteronomy 1:21 (KJV) Deuteronomy 1:21 (NET)
Behold, HaShem thy G-d hath set the land before thee; go up, take possession, as HaShem, the G-d of thy fathers, hath spoken unto thee; fear not, neither be dismayed.’ Behold, the LORD thy God hath set the land before thee: go up and possess it, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath said unto thee; fear not, neither be discouraged. Look, he has placed the land in front of you!  Go up, take possession of it, just as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, said to do.  Do not be afraid or discouraged!”
Deuteronomy 1:21 (Septuagint BLB) Deuteronomy 1:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἴδετε παραδέδωκεν ὑμῗν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν πρὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν τὴν γῆν ἀναβάντες κληρονομήσατε ὃν τρόπον εἶπεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν ὑμῗν μὴ φοβεῗσθε μηδὲ δειλιάσητε ἴδετε, παραδέδωκεν ἡμῖν Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν πρὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν τὴν γῆν· ἀναβάντες κληρονομήσατε, ὃν τρόπον εἶπε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν ὑμῖν· μὴ φοβεῖσθε μηδὲ δειλιάσητε
Deuteronomy 1:21 (NETS) Deuteronomy 1:21 (English Elpenor)
See, the Lord your God has given over to you the land before you.  After you have gone up, inherit, as the Lord, the God of your fathers, said to you; do not fear, neither be afraid.” behold, the Lord your God has delivered to us the land before you: go up and inherit it as the Lord God of your fathers said to you; fear not, neither be afraid.
1 Chronicles 28:2 (Tanakh) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (KJV) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (NET)
Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: King David rose to his feet and said: “Listen to me, my brothers and my people.  I wanted to build a temple where the ark of the Lord’s covenant could be placed as a footstool for our God.  I have made the preparations for building it.
1 Chronicles 28:2 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἔστη Δαυιδ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ εἶπεν ἀκούσατέ μου ἀδελφοὶ καὶ λαός μου ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ καρδίαν οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον ἀναπαύσεως τῆς κιβωτοῦ διαθήκης κυρίου καὶ στάσιν ποδῶν κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ ἡτοίμασα τὰ εἰς τὴν κατασκήνωσιν ἐπιτήδεια καὶ ἔστη Δαυὶδ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ εἶπεν· ἀκούσατέ μου, ἀδελφοί μου καὶ λαός μου. ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ καρδίαν οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον ἀναπαύσεως τῆς κιβωτοῦ διαθήκης Κυρίου καὶ στάσιν ποδῶν Κυρίου ἡμῶν, καὶ ἡτοίμασα τὰ εἰς τὴν κατασκήνωσιν ἐπιτήδεια
1 Supplements 28:2 (NETS) 1 Chronicles 28:2 (English Elpenor)
And Dauid stood in the midst of the assembly and said, “Here me, my brothers and people.  It was in my heart to build a house of repose for the ark of the covenant of the Lord and a station for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared the materials for the encamping. And David stood in the midst of the assembly, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: it was in my heart to build a house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and a place for the feet of our Lord, and I prepared [materials] suitable for the building:
1 Chronicles 28:3 (Tanakh) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (KJV) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (NET)
But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. But God said to me, ‘You must not build a temple to honor me, for you are a warrior and have spilled blood.’
1 Chronicles 28:3 (Septuagint BLB) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ὁ θεὸς εἶπεν οὐκ οἰκοδομήσεις ἐμοὶ οἶκον τοῦ ἐπονομάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ὅτι ἄνθρωπος πολεμιστὴς εἶ σὺ καὶ αἵματα ἐξέχεας καὶ ὁ Θεὸς εἶπεν· οὐκ οἰκοδομήσεις ἐμοὶ οἶκον τοῦ ἐπονομάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἄνθρωπος πολεμιστὴς εἶ σὺ καὶ αἷμα ἐξέχεας
1 Supplements 28:3 (NETS) 1 Chronicles 28:3 (English Elpenor)
And God said, ‘You shall not build me a house for my name to be called upon it, because you have been a person of war and have spilled blood.’ but God said, Thou shalt not build me a house to call my name upon it, for thou art a man of war, and hast shed blood.
Jeremiah 9:23 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:23 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:23 (NET)
Thus saith the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches: Thus saith the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches: The Lord says, “Wise people should not boast that they are wise.  Powerful people should not boast that they are powerful.  Rich people should not boast that they are rich.
Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)
τάδε λέγει κύριος μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ Τάδε λέγει Κύριος· μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύϊ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ
Jeremiah 9:23 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:23 (English Elpenor)
This is what the Lord says: Let not the wise boast in his wisdom, and let not the mighty boast in his might, and let not the wealthy boast in his wealth, Thus saith the Lord, Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, and let not the strong man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth;
Jeremiah 9:24 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:24 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:24 (NET)
But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD. But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD. If people want to boast, they should boast about this: They should boast that they understand and know me. They should boast that they know and understand that I, the Lord, act out of faithfulness, fairness, and justice in the earth and that I desire people to do these things,” says the Lord.
Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:24 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος συνίειν καὶ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου λέγει κύριος ἀλλ’ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνίειν καὶ γινώσκεν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ ποιῶν ἔλεος καὶ κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἐν τούτοις τὸ θέλημά μου, λέγει Κύριος
Jeremiah 9:24 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:24 (English Elpenor)
But let him who boasts boast in this: that he understands and knows that I am the Lord when I do mercy and justice and righteousness in the earth, because in these things is my will, says the Lord. but let him that boasts boast in this, the understanding and knowing that I am the Lord that exercise mercy, and judgment, and righteousness, upon the earth; for in these things is my pleasure, saith the Lord.
Jeremiah 9:25 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:25 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:25 (NET)
Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; The Lord says, “Watch out!  The time is soon coming when I will punish all those who are circumcised only in the flesh.
Jeremiah 9:25 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:25 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται λέγει κύριος καὶ ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπὶ πάντας περιτετμημένους ἀκροβυστίας αὐτῶν ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται, λέγει Κύριος, καὶ ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπὶ πάντας περιτετμημένους ἀκροβυστίας αὐτῶν
Jeremiah 9:25 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:25 (English Elpenor)
Behold, days are coming,says the Lord, and I will visit on all circumcised their foreskin: Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will visit upon all the circumcised their uncircumcision;
Jeremiah 9:26 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 9:26 (KJV) Jeremiah 9:26 (NET)
Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. That is, I will punish the Egyptians, the Judeans, the Edomites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, and all the desert people who cut their hair short at the temples.  I will do so because none of the people of those nations are really circumcised in the Lord’s sight.  Moreover, none of the people of Israel are circumcised when it comes to their hearts.”
Jeremiah 9:26 (Septuagint BLB) Jeremiah 9:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
ἐπ᾽ Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν Ιουδαίαν καὶ ἐπὶ Εδωμ καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς Αμμων καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς Μωαβ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα περικειρόμενον τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ὅτι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἀπερίτμητα σαρκί καὶ πᾶς οἶκος Ισραηλ ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐπὶ ᾿Ιδουμαίαν καὶ ἐπὶ ᾿Εδὼμ καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς ᾿Αμμὼν καὶ ἐπὶ υἱοὺς Μωὰβ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα περικειρόμενον τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ, τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· ὅτι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἀπερίτμητα σαρκί, καὶ πᾶς οἶκος ᾿Ισραὴλ ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίας αὐτῶν
Jeremiah 9:26 (NETS) Jeremiah 9:26 (English Elpenor)
on Egypt and on Judea and on Edom and on the sons of Ammon and on the sons of Moab and on every one who shaves all around what is on his face, those who live in the wilderness, because all the nations are uncircumcised in the flesh and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in their heart. on Egypt, and on Idumea, and on Edom, and on the children of Ammon, and on the children of Moab, and on every one that shaves his face round about, [even] them that dwell in the wilderness; for all the Gentiles are uncircumcised in flesh, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised [in] their hearts.
Psalm 118:26 (Tanakh) Psalm 118:26 (KJV) Psalm 118:26 (NET)
Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have blessed you out of the house of the LORD. Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have blessed you out of the house of the LORD. May the one who comes in the name of the Lord be blessed.  We will pronounce blessings on you in the Lord’s temple.
Psalm 118:26 (Septuagint BLB) Psalm 117:26 (Septuagint Elpenor)
εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου εὐλογήκαμεν ὑμᾶς ἐξ οἴκου κυρίου εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου· εὐλογήκαμεν ὑμᾶς ἐξ οἴκου Κυρίου
Psalm 117:26 (NETS) Psalm 117:26 (English Elpenor)
Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord.  We bless you from the house of the Lord. Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord: we have blessed you out of the house of the Lord.
Zechariah 12:10 (Tanakh) Zechariah 12:10 (KJV) Zechariah 12:10 (NET)
And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced. They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn.
Zechariah 12:10 (Septuagint BLB) Zechariah 12:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)
καὶ ἐκχεῶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Δαυιδ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ιερουσαλημ πνεῦμα χάριτος καὶ οἰκτιρμοῦ καὶ ἐπιβλέψονται πρός με ἀνθ᾽ ὧν κατωρχήσαντο καὶ κόψονται ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν κοπετὸν ὡς ἐπ᾽ ἀγαπητὸν καὶ ὀδυνηθήσονται ὀδύνην ὡς ἐπὶ πρωτοτόκῳ καὶ ἐκχεῶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Δαυὶδ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ πνεῦμα χάριτος καὶ οἰκτιρμοῦ, καὶ ἐπιβλέψονται πρός με ἀνθ᾿ ὧν κατωρχήσαντο καὶ κόψονται ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν κοπετόν, ὡς ἐπ᾿ ἀγαπητῷ, καὶ ὀδυνηθήσονται ὀδύνην ὡς ἐπὶ τῷ πρωτοτόκῳ
Zechariah 12:10 (NETS) Zechariah 12:10 (English Elpenor)
And I will pour out a spirit of grace and compassion on the house of Dauid and on the inhabitants of Ierousalem, and they shall look to me because they have danced triumphantly, and they shall mourn for him with a mourning as for a loved one, and they shall be pained with pain as for a firstborn. And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have mocked [me], and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved [friend], and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn [son].
Philippians 2:5 (NET) Philippians 2:5 (KJV)
You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had, Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus:
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
Τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τουτο γαρ φρονεισθω εν υμιν ο και εν χριστω ιησου τουτο γαρ φρονεισθω εν υμιν ο και εν χριστω ιησου
Philippians 2:7 (NET) Philippians 2:7 (KJV)
but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature. But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
ἀλλὰ ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν μορφὴν δούλου λαβών, ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος· καὶ σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος [This clause begins verse 8 in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.] αλλ εαυτον εκενωσεν μορφην δουλου λαβων εν ομοιωματι ανθρωπων γενομενος αλλ εαυτον εκενωσεν μορφην δουλου λαβων εν ομοιωματι ανθρωπων γενομενος
2 Corinthians 12:9, 10 (NET) 2 Corinthians 12:9, 10 (KJV)
But he said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.”  So then, I will boast most gladly about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may reside in me. And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness.  Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ εἴρηκεν μοι· ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου, ἡ γὰρ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται. ἥδιστα οὖν μᾶλλον καυχήσομαι ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις |μου|, ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ και ειρηκεν μοι αρκει σοι η χαρις μου η γαρ δυναμις μου εν ασθενεια τελειουται ηδιστα ουν μαλλον καυχησομαι εν ταις ασθενειαις μου ινα επισκηνωση επ εμε η δυναμις του χριστου και ειρηκεν μοι αρκει σοι η χαρις μου η γαρ δυναμις μου εν ασθενεια τελειουται ηδιστα ουν μαλλον καυχησομαι εν ταις ασθενειαις μου ινα επισκηνωση επ εμε η δυναμις του χριστου
Therefore I am content with weaknesses, with insults, with troubles, with persecutions and difficulties for the sake of Christ, for whenever I am weak, then I am strong. Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in distresses for Christ’s sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
διὸ εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐν διωγμοῖς καὶ στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ· ὅταν γὰρ ἀσθενῶ, τότε δυνατός εἰμι διο ευδοκω εν ασθενειαις εν υβρεσιν εν αναγκαις εν διωγμοις εν στενοχωριαις υπερ χριστου οταν γαρ ασθενω τοτε δυνατος ειμι διο ευδοκω εν ασθενειαις εν υβρεσιν εν αναγκαις εν διωγμοις εν στενοχωριαις υπερ χριστου οταν γαρ ασθενω τοτε δυνατος ειμι
Acts 1:10, 11 (NET) Acts 1:10, 11 (KJV)
As they were still staring into the sky while he was going, suddenly two men in white clothing stood near them And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
καὶ ὡς ἀτενίζοντες ἦσαν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν πορευομένου αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνδρες δύο παρειστήκεισαν αὐτοῖς ἐν ἐσθήσεσι λευκαῖς και ως ατενιζοντες ησαν εις τον ουρανον πορευομενου αυτου και ιδου ανδρες δυο παρειστηκεισαν αυτοις εν εσθητι λευκη και ως ατενιζοντες ησαν εις τον ουρανον πορευομενου αυτου και ιδου ανδρες δυο παρειστηκεισαν αυτοις εν εσθητι λευκη
and said, “Men of Galilee, why do you stand here looking up into the sky?  This same Jesus who has been taken up from you into heaven will come back in the same way you saw him go into heaven.” Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.
NET Parallel Greek Stephanus Textus Receptus Byzantine Majority Text
οἳ καὶ εἶπαν· ἄνδρες Γαλιλαῖοι, τί ἑστήκατε [ἐμ]βλέποντες εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν; οὗτος ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὁ ἀναλημφθεὶς ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν οὕτως ἐλεύσεται ὃν τρόπον ἐθεάσασθε αὐτὸν πορευόμενον εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν οι και ειπον ανδρες γαλιλαιοι τι εστηκατε εμβλεποντες εις τον ουρανον ουτος ο ιησους ο αναληφθεις αφ υμων εις τον ουρανον ουτως ελευσεται ον τροπον εθεασασθε αυτον πορευομενον εις τον ουρανον οι και ειπον ανδρες γαλιλαιοι τι εστηκατε εμβλεποντες εις τον ουρανον ουτος ο ιησους ο αναληφθεις αφ υμων εις τον ουρανον ουτως ελευσεται ον τροπον εθεασασθε αυτον πορευομενον εις τον ουρανον

[1] 1 Samuel 2:9 (Tanakh)

[2] Chabad.org only, not present in the NET parallel Hebrew.

[3] 1 Kings 2:8, 9 (English Elpenor)

[4] Luke 23:34a (NET) Table

[5] 1 Samuel 2:8, 9 (Tanakh)

[6] FromJewish Concepts: Masoretic Text,” Jewish Virtual Library: Anything you need to know from Anti-Semitism to Zionism

[7] 1 Samuel 2:9b (Chabad.org)

[8] John 15:7, 8 (NET) Table

[9] Chabad.org only, not present in the NET parallel Hebrew.  I’m beginning to think it’s an editorial comment questioning the spelling of the next word.

[10] Deuteronomy 1:21 (Tanakh)

[11] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had γαρ preceding φρονεισθω here, where the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had simply φρονεῖτε.

[12] The NET parallel Greek text had ἀλλὰ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had ἀλλ’.

[13] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had μου here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[14] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had τελεῖται here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had τελειοῦται.

[15] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had καὶ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εν (KJV: in).

[16] Jeremiah 9:24b (Tanakh)

[17] FromJewish Concepts: Masoretic Text,” Jewish Virtual Library: Anything you need to know from Anti-Semitism to Zionism

[18] Matthew 23:39b (NET)

[19] I don’t address this often.  I realize that any argument I propose to the effect that Masoretes shaded and altered the text to obscure Jesus and the gospel in the Old Testament can be turned to the benefit of anyone wishing to assert that lying Christians forged the Septuagint.  I don’t want to treat Jim Searcy like a straw man.  There are others who argue for the infallibity of the KJV.  “How I Know The King James Bible is the Word of God,” by James L. Melton is a concise piece.

I found the audio recording on “Frank Logsdon Repudiates the NASB” particularly interesting.  His point was well-taken; note 12 above is a case in point. The NET parallel Greek text of the New Testament was apparently translated from NA27.  Scholarly opinion in NA28 has either returned, or caught up, to the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

I’ll offer one more insight from doing the study for this essay: The Hexapla with six versions side by side doesn’t seem to me like the most opportune moment to introduce a “forged” version of Hannah’s prayer by manipulating two well known verses from Jeremiah (1 Corinthians 1:18-31) and inserting them into the text of the Septuagint.  I would assume then that this portion of Hannah’s prayer predates Origen’s Hexapla.

[20] The NET parallel Greek text had the plural ἐσθήσεσι λευκαῖς here, where NA28 had the plural ἐσθήσεσιν λευκαῖς and the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had the singular εσθητι λευκη.

[21] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had εἶπαν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ειπον.

Hannah’s Prayer, Part 4

Near the end of Part 3 I began to consider whether the Masoretes added—for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them[1]—to Hannah’s prayer.  I suggested that they made the abrupt switch from the Savior/Judge Hannah had praised to the Creator as misdirection, so that one would not hear: He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory[2] leading inexorably to Jesus: He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David.  He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end.[3]

But how effective could such misdirection actually be?  If I think of Hannah’s Savior, I think of Jesus (Mathew 1:18-21 NET):

Now the birth of Jesus Christ happened this way.  While his mother Mary was engaged to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit.  Because Joseph, her husband to be, was a righteous man, and because he did not want to disgrace her, he intended to divorce her privately.  When he had contemplated this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit [Table].  She will give birth to a son and you will name him Jesus (Ἰησοῦν, a form of Ἰησοῦς), because he will save his people from their sins.”

If I think of Hannah’s Judge, I think of Jesus (John 5:19-23 NET):

So Jesus answered them,[4] “I tell you the solemn truth, the Son can do nothing on his own initiative, but only what he sees the Father doing.  For whatever the Father does, the Son does likewise.  For the Father loves the Son and shows him everything he does, and will show him greater deeds than these, so that you will be amazed.  For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whomever he wishes.  Furthermore, the Father does not judge (κρίνει, a form of κρίνω) anyone, but has assigned all judgment (κρίσιν, a form of κρίσις) to the Son,  so that all people will honor[5] the Son just as they honor[6] the Father.  The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him.

So, given that the Fatherhas assigned all judgment to the Son, Jesus is the One to fear (Luke 12:4, 5 NET):

I tell you, my friends, do not be afraid (φοβηθῆτε, a form of φοβέω) of those who kill[7] the body, and after that have nothing more they can do.  But I will warn you whom you should fear (φοβηθῆτε): Fear (φοβήθητε, another form of φοβέω) the one who, after the killing, has authority to throw you into hell.  Yes, I tell you, fear (φοβήθητε) him!

But given that the Son can do nothing on his own initiative, but only what he sees the Father doing, the One to fear said (Luke 12:32-34 NET):

Do not be afraid (φοβοῦ, another form of φοβέω), little flock, for your Father is well pleased to give you the kingdom.  Sell your possessions and give to the poor.  Provide yourselves purses[8] that do not wear out – a treasure in heaven that never decreases, where no thief approaches and no moth destroys.  For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

For this is the way God loved the world: He gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life.[9]  And it doesn’t really matter if Hannah or the Masoretes made the abrupt switch to the Creator: I still think of Jesus (John 1:1-18 NET).

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was fully God.  The Word was with God in the beginning.  All things were created by him, and apart from him not one thing was created that has been created.  In him was life, and the life was the light of mankind.  And the light shines on in the darkness, but the darkness has not mastered it.

A man came, sent from God, whose name was John.  He came as a witness to testify about the light, so that everyone might believe through him.  He himself was not the light, but he came to testify about the light.  The true light, who gives light to everyone, was coming into the world.  He was in the world, and the world was created by him, but the world did not recognize him.  He came to what was his own, but his own people did not receive him.  But to all who have received him – those who believe in his name – he has given the right to become God’s children – children not born by human parents or by human desire or a husband’s decision, but by God.

Now the Word became flesh and took up residence among us.  We saw his glory – the glory of the one and only, full of grace and truth, who came from the Father.  John testified about him and shouted out, “This one was the one about whom I said, ‘He who comes after me is greater than I am, because he existed before me.’”  For we have all received from his fullness one gracious gift after another.  For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came about through Jesus Christ (Table).  No one has ever seen God.  The only one, himself God, who is in closest fellowship with the Father, has made God known (Table).

If inherit the throne of glory upset the Masoretes as I’ve suggested, why add for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them for misdirection?  Why not simply remove inherit the throne of glory?

I suspect that the throne of glory was still important to the Masoretes, its geographical location, if not the One who will sit upon it: At that time (when they shall say no more, The ark of the covenant of the LORD: neither shall it come to mind: neither shall they remember it; neither shall they visit it; neither shall that be done any more), Jeremiah prophesied, they shall call Jerusalem the throne (כִּסֵּ֣א) of the LORD; and all the nations shall be gathered unto it, to the name of the LORD, to Jerusalem: neither shall they walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart.[10]

Jeremiah was sent to the people of the southern kingdom of Judah with a warning of coming devastation at the hands of the Babylonians (Jeremiah 14:17, 18 Tanakh):

Therefore thou shalt say this word unto them; Let mine eyes run down with tears night and day, and let them not cease: for the virgin daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very grievous blow.  If I go forth into the field, then behold the slain with the sword! and if I enter into the city, then behold them that are sick with famine! yea, both the prophet and the priest go about into a land that they know not.

I admit to being confused (Table7 below) whether Jeremiah continued with the words he was given or began, disobediently, to intercede for the people despite his best intentions (Jeremiah 14:19, 20 Tanakh):

Hast thou utterly rejected Judah? hath thy soul lothed Zion? why hast thou smitten us, and there is no healing for us? we looked for peace, and there is no good; and for the time of healing, and behold trouble!  We acknowledge, O LORD, our wickedness, and the iniquity of our fathers: for we have sinned against thee.

How Judah sinned (חָטָ֖אנוּ; Septuagint: ἡμάρτομεν, a form of ἁμαρτάνω) against God had been discussed previously.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Jeremiah 3:6-11 (Tanakh) Jeremiah 3:6-11 (NET) Jeremiah 3:6-11 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:6-11 (Elpenor English)

The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot. When Josiah was king of Judah, the Lord said to me, “Jeremiah, you have no doubt seen what wayward Israel has done.  You have seen how she went up to every high hill and under every green tree to give herself like a prostitute to other gods. And the Lord said to me in the days of King Iosias: Have you seen what the settlement of Israel did to me?  They went to every high mountain and under every woodland tree and played the whore there. And the Lord said to me in the days of Josias the king, Hast thou seen what things the house of Israel has done to me? they have gone on every high mountain, and under every shady tree, and have committed fornication there.
And I said after she had done all these things, Turn thou unto me.  But she returned not.  And her treacherous sister Judah saw it. Yet even after she had done all that, I thought that she might come back to me.  But she did not.  Her sister, unfaithful Judah, saw what she did. And I said after she did all these things, “Return to me,” but she did not return, and faithless Iouda saw her faithlessness. And I said after she had committed all these acts of fornication, Turn again to me.  Yet she returned not.  And faithless Juda saw her faithlessness.
And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel committed adultery I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah feared not, but went and played the harlot also. She also saw that, because of wayward Israel’s adulterous worship of other gods, I sent her away and gave her divorce papers.  But still her unfaithful sister Judah was not afraid, and she too went and gave herself like a prostitute to other gods. And I saw that for everything in which the settlement of Israel was caught, [in which she committed adultery], and I sent her away and gave her a document of dismissal, and faithless Iouda did not fear, but she too went and played the whore. And I saw that (for all the sins of which she was convicted, wherein the house of Israel committed adultery, and I put her away, and gave into her hands a bill of divorcement,) yet faithless Juda feared not, but went and herself also committed fornication.
And it came to pass through the lightness of her whoredom, that she defiled the land, and committed adultery with stones and with stocks. Because she took her prostitution so lightly, she defiled the land through her adulterous worship of gods made of wood and stone. And her whoredom came to nothing, and she committed adultery with tree and stone. And her fornication was nothing accounted of; and she committed adultery with wood and stone.
And yet for all this her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole heart, but feignedly, saith the LORD. In spite of all this, Israel’s sister, unfaithful Judah, has not turned back to me with any sincerity; she has only pretended to do so,” says the Lord. And in all these things faithless Iouda did not return to me with her whole heart, but only in pretense. And for all these things faithless Juda turned not to me with all her heart, but falsely.
And the LORD said unto me, The backsliding Israel hath justified herself more than treacherous Judah. Then the Lord said to me, “Under the circumstances, wayward Israel could even be considered less guilty than unfaithful Judah. And the Lord said to me: Israel has justified his soul vis-à-vis faithless Iouda. And the Lord said to me, Israel has justified himself more than faithless Juda.

The southern kingdom of Judah worshiped the gods of the nations around them and engaged in the sexual practices of that worship,[11] as the northern kingdom of Israel had done before them.  Do not abhor us, for thy name’s sake, Jeremiah continued, do not disgrace the throne of thy glory: remember, break not thy covenant with us.  Are there any among the vanities of the Gentiles that can cause rain? or can the heavens give showers? art not thou he, O LORD our God? therefore we will wait upon thee: for thou hast made all these things.[12]

Though a time will come when Jerusalem will be called the throne (כִּסֵּ֣א) of the LORD; and all the nations shall be gathered unto it, it was not to be at this this time, though Jeremiah prayed do not disgrace the throne (כִּסֵּ֣א) of thy glory (Jeremiah 15:1-6 Tanakh).

Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth.  And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall we go forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD; Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the captivity, to the captivity.  And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy.  And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1-9) the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem.  For who shall have pity upon thee, O Jerusalem? or who shall bemoan thee? or who shall go aside to ask how thou doest?  Thou hast forsaken me, saith the LORD, thou art gone backward: therefore will I stretch out my hand against thee, and destroy thee; I am weary with repenting.

This reminds me of Jesus’ warning to his followers (Hebrews 10:26-31 NET):

For if we deliberately keep on sinning after receiving the knowledge of the truth, no further sacrifice for sins is left for us, but only a certain fearful expectation of judgment and a fury of fire that will consume God’s enemies.  Someone who rejected the law of Moses was put to death without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses (Table).  How much greater punishment do you think that person deserves who has contempt for the Son of God, and profanes the blood of the covenant that made him holy, and insults the Spirit of grace?  For we know the one who said, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay,” and again, “The Lord will judge his people” (Table).  It is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

As I recall my own life, knowing that God’s patience with sinners is finite, I wonder: How is it that I have not exhausted his patience?

The only answer that makes any sense to me is that I have Jesus, a merciful and faithful high priest, who sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven, a minister in the sanctuary and the true tabernacle that the Lord, not[13] man, set up[14] (Hebrews 7:24-28 NET).

[H]e holds his priesthood permanently since he lives forever.  So he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.  For it is indeed fitting for us to have such a high priest: holy, innocent, undefiled, separate from sinners, and exalted above the heavens (Table).  He has no need to do every day what those priests do, to offer sacrifices first for their own sins and then for the sins of the people, since he did this in offering himself once for all.  For the law appoints as high priests men subject to weakness, but the word of solemn affirmation that came after the law appoints a son made perfect forever.

Though I still can’t determine for certain whether the Masoretes added, or the rabbis failed to translate—for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them—I trust that this study has helped me to mitigate any ill intent.

Tables comparing Jeremiah 3:16, 17; 14:17; 14:18; 14:19; 14:20; 3:6; 3:7; 3:8; 3:9; 3:10; 3:11; 14:21; 14:22; 15:1; 15:2; 15:3; 15:4; 15:5 and 15:6 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET and tables comparing Jeremiah 3:16, 17; 14:17; 14:18; 14:19; 14:20; 3:6; 3:7; 3:8; 3:9; 3:10; 3:11; 14:21; 14:22; 15:1; 15:2; 15:3; 15:4; 15:5 and 15:6 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following these are tables comparing John 5:19; 5:23; Luke 12:4; 12:33 and Hebrews 8:2 in the NET and KJV.

Jeremiah 3:16, 17 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 3:16, 17 (KJV)

Jeremiah 3:16, 17 (NET)

And it shall come to pass, when ye be multiplied and increased in the land, in those days, saith the LORD, they shall say no more, The ark of the covenant of the LORD: neither shall it come to mind: neither shall they remember it; neither shall they visit it; neither shall that be done any more. And it shall come to pass, when ye be multiplied and increased in the land, in those days, saith the LORD, they shall say no more, The ark of the covenant of the LORD: neither shall it come to mind: neither shall they remember it; neither shall they visit it; neither shall that be done any more. In those days, your population will greatly increase in the land. At that time,” says the Lord, “people will no longer talk about having the ark that contains the Lord’s covenant with us. They will not call it to mind, remember it, or miss it. No, that will not be done any more!
At that time they shall call Jerusalem the throne of the LORD; and all the nations shall be gathered unto it, to the name of the LORD, to Jerusalem: neither shall they walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart. At that time they shall call Jerusalem the throne of the LORD; and all the nations shall be gathered unto it, to the name of the LORD, to Jerusalem: neither shall they walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart. At that time the city of Jerusalem will be called the Lord’s throne.  All nations will gather there in Jerusalem to honor the Lord’s name.  They will no longer follow the stubborn inclinations of their own evil hearts.

Jeremiah 3:16, 17 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 3:16, 17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν πληθυνθῆτε καὶ αὐξηθῆτε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐν ταῗς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις λέγει κύριος οὐκ ἐροῦσιν ἔτι κιβωτὸς διαθήκης ἁγίου Ισραηλ οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ καρδίαν οὐκ ὀνομασθήσεται οὐδὲ ἐπισκεφθήσεται καὶ οὐ ποιηθήσεται ἔτι καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν πληθυνθῆτε καὶ αὐξηθῆτε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, λέγει Κύριος, ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, οὐκ ἐροῦσιν ἔτι· κιβωτὸς διαθήκης ἁγίου ᾿Ισραήλ, οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ καρδίαν, οὐκ ὀνομασθήσεται οὐδὲ ἐπισκεφθήσεται καὶ οὐ ποιηθήσεται ἔτι
ἐν ταῗς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ καλέσουσιν τὴν Ιερουσαλημ θρόνος κυρίου καὶ συναχθήσονται εἰς αὐτὴν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ οὐ πορεύσονται ἔτι ὀπίσω τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν τῆς πονηρᾶς ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ καλέσουσι τὴν ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ Θρόνον Κυρίου, καὶ συναχθήσονται πάντα τὰ ἔθνη εἰς αὐτὴν καὶ οὐ πορεύσονται ἔτι ὀπίσω τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν τῆς πονηρᾶς

Jeremiah 3:16, 17 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:16, 17 (English Elpenor)

And it will be, if you multiply and increase in the land, in those days, says the Lord, they shall no longer say, “Ark of the covenant of the holy one of Israel.”  It shall not come up in the heart; it shall not be named nor be considered, and it shall not be made again. And it shall come to pass that when ye are multiplied and increased upon the land, saith the Lord, in those days they shall say no more, The ark of the covenant of the Holy One of Israel: it shall not come to mind; it shall not be named; neither shall it be visited; nor shall [this] be done any more.
In those days and at that time they shall call Ierousalem “The Lord’s Throne,” and all the nations shall be gathered into her, and they shall no longer walk after the notions of their own evil heart. In those days and at that time they shall call Jerusalem the throne of the Lord; and all the nations shall be gathered to it: and they shall not walk any more after the imaginations of their evil heart.

Jeremiah 14:17 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 14:17 (KJV)

Jeremiah 14:17 (NET)

Therefore thou shalt say this word unto them; Let mine eyes run down with tears night and day, and let them not cease: for the virgin daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very grievous blow. Therefore thou shalt say this word unto them; Let mine eyes run down with tears night and day, and let them not cease: for the virgin daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very grievous blow. “Tell these people this, Jeremiah: ‘My eyes overflow with tears day and night without ceasing.  For my people, my dear children, have suffered a crushing blow.  They have suffered a serious wound

Jeremiah 14:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 14:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐρεῗς πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸν λόγον τοῦτον καταγάγετε ἐπ᾽ ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν δάκρυα ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός καὶ μὴ διαλιπέτωσαν ὅτι συντρίμματι συνετρίβη θυγάτηρ λαοῦ μου καὶ πληγῇ ὀδυνηρᾷ σφόδρα καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸν λόγον τοῦτον· καταγάγετε ἐπ’ ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν δάκρυα ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός, καὶ μὴ διαλιπέτωσαν, ὅτι συντρίμματι συνετρίβη θυγάτηρ λαοῦ μου καὶ πληγὴ ὀδυνηρὰ σφόδρα

Jeremiah 14:17 (NETS)

Jeremiah 14:17 (English Elpenor)

And you shall say to them this word: Bring down upon your eyes tears day and night, and let them not cease, because the daughter of my people was shattered with a fracture and with a very grievous blow. And thou shalt speak this word to them; Let your eyes shed tears day and night, and let them not cease: for the daughter of my people has been sorely bruised, and her plague is very grievous.

Jeremiah 14:18 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 14:18 (KJV)

Jeremiah 14:18 (NET)

If I go forth into the field, then behold the slain with the sword! and if I enter into the city, then behold them that are sick with famine! yea, both the prophet and the priest go about into a land that they know not. If I go forth into the field, then behold the slain with the sword! and if I enter into the city, then behold them that are sick with famine! yea, both the prophet and the priest go about into a land that they know not. If I go out into the countryside, I see those who have been killed in battle. If I go into the city, I see those who are sick because of starvation. For both prophet and priest–they go peddling in the land but they are not humbled.’”

Jeremiah 14:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 14:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐὰν ἐξέλθω εἰς τὸ πεδίον καὶ ἰδοὺ τραυματίαι μαχαίρας καὶ ἐὰν εἰσέλθω εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἰδοὺ πόνος λιμοῦ ὅτι ἱερεὺς καὶ προφήτης ἐπορεύθησαν εἰς γῆν ἣν οὐκ ᾔδεισαν ἐὰν ἐξέλθω εἰς τὸ πεδίον, καὶ ἰδοὺ τραυματίαι μαχαίρας, καὶ ἐὰν εἰσέλθω εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ἰδοὺ πόνος λιμοῦ· ὅτι ἱερεὺς καὶ προφήτης ἐπορεύθησαν εἰς γῆν, ἣν οὐκ ᾔδεισαν

Jeremiah 14:18 (NETS)

Jeremiah 14:18 (English Elpenor)

If I go out into the plain, and behold, casualties of a dagger!  And if I enter into the city, and behold, hardship of famine, because priest and prophet went to a land of which they had no knowledge! If I go forth into the plain, then behold the slain by the sword! and if I enter into the city, then behold the distress of famine! for priest and prophet have gone to a land which they knew not.

Jeremiah 14:19 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 14:19 (KJV)

Jeremiah 14:19 (NET)

Hast thou utterly rejected Judah? hath thy soul lothed Zion? why hast thou smitten us, and there is no healing for us? we looked for peace, and there is no good; and for the time of healing, and behold trouble! Hast thou utterly rejected Judah? hath thy soul lothed Zion? why hast thou smitten us, and there is no healing for us? we looked for peace, and there is no good; and for the time of healing, and behold trouble! Then I said, “Lord, have you completely rejected the nation of Judah?  Do you despise the city of Zion?  Why have you struck us with such force that we are beyond recovery?  We hope for peace, but nothing good has come of it.  We hope for a time of relief from our troubles, but experience terror.

Jeremiah 14:19 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 14:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μὴ ἀποδοκιμάζων ἀπεδοκίμασας τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ ἀπὸ Σιων ἀπέστη ἡ ψυχή σου ἵνα τί ἔπαισας ἡμᾶς καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῗν ἴασις ὑπεμείναμεν εἰς εἰρήνην καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀγαθά εἰς καιρὸν ἰάσεως καὶ ἰδοὺ ταραχή μὴ ἀποδοκιμάζων ἀπεδοκίμασας τὸν ᾿Ιούδαν, καὶ ἀπὸ Σιὼν ἀπέστη ἡ ψυχή σου; ἱνατί ἔπαισας ἡμᾶς, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἴασις; ὑπεμείναμεν εἰς εἰρήνην, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀγαθά· εἰς καιρὸν ἰάσεως, καὶ ἰδοὺ ταραχή

Jeremiah 14:19 (NETS)

Jeremiah 14:19 (English Elpenor)

Surely when rejecting, you did not reject Iouda?  And has your soul departed from Sion?  We waited for peace, and there was no good, for a time of healing, and behold, disturbance. Hast thou utterly rejected Juda? and has thy soul departed from Sion? wherefore has thou smitten us, and there is no healing for us? we waited for peace, but there was no prosperity; for a time of healing, and behold trouble!

Jeremiah 14:20 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 14:20 (KJV)

Jeremiah 14:20 (NET)

We acknowledge, O LORD, our wickedness, and the iniquity of our fathers: for we have sinned against thee. We acknowledge, O LORD, our wickedness, and the iniquity of our fathers: for we have sinned against thee. Lord, we confess that we have been wicked.  We confess that our ancestors have done wrong.  We have indeed sinned against you.

Jeremiah 14:20 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 14:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἔγνωμεν κύριε ἁμαρτήματα ἡμῶν ἀδικίας πατέρων ἡμῶν ὅτι ἡμάρτομεν ἐναντίον σου ἔγνωμεν, Κύριε, ἁμαρτήματα ἡμῶν, ἀδικίας πατέρων ἡμῶν, ὅτι ἡμάρτομεν ἐναντίον σου

Jeremiah 14:20 (NETS)

Jeremiah 14:20 (English Elpenor)

We were aware of our sins, O Lord, injustices of our fathers, because we have sinned before you. We know, O Lord, our sins, [and] the iniquities of our fathers: for we have sinned before thee.

Jeremiah 3:6 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 3:6 (KJV)

Jeremiah 3:6 (NET)

The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot. The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot. When Josiah was king of Judah, the Lord said to me, “Jeremiah, you have no doubt seen what wayward Israel has done.  You have seen how she went up to every high hill and under every green tree to give herself like a prostitute to other gods.

Jeremiah 3:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 3:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἐν ταῗς ἡμέραις Ιωσια τοῦ βασιλέως εἶδες ἃ ἐποίησέν μοι ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐπὶ πᾶν ὄρος ὑψηλὸν καὶ ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους καὶ ἐπόρνευσαν ἐκεῗ Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρός με ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ᾿Ιωσίου τοῦ βασιλέως· εἶδες ἃ ἐποίησέ μοι ἡ κατοικία τοῦ ᾿Ισραήλ; ἐπορεύθησαν ἐπὶ πᾶν ὄρος ὑψηλὸν καὶ ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους, καὶ ἐπόρνευσαν ἐκεῖ

Jeremiah 3:6 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:6 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord said to me in the days of King Iosias: Have you seen what the settlement of Israel did to me?  They went to every high mountain and under every woodland tree and played the whore there. And the Lord said to me in the days of Josias the king, Hast thou seen what things the house of Israel has done to me? they have gone on every high mountain, and under every shady tree, and have committed fornication there.

Jeremiah 3:7 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 3:7 (KJV)

Jeremiah 3:7 (NET)

And I said after she had done all these things, Turn thou unto me.  But she returned not.  And her treacherous sister Judah saw it. And I said after she had done all these things, Turn thou unto me.  But she returned not.  And her treacherous sister Judah saw it. Yet even after she had done all that, I thought that she might come back to me.  But she did not.  Her sister, unfaithful Judah, saw what she did.

Jeremiah 3:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 3:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπα μετὰ τὸ πορνεῦσαι αὐτὴν ταῦτα πάντα πρός με ἀνάστρεψον καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψεν καὶ εἶδεν τὴν ἀσυνθεσίαν αὐτῆς ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ιουδα καὶ εἶπα μετὰ τὸ πορνεῦσαι αὐτὴν ταῦτα πάντα· πρός με ἀνάστρεψον, καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψε· καὶ εἶδε τὴν ἀσυνθεσίαν αὐτῆς ἡ ἀσύνθετος ᾿Ιούδα

Jeremiah 3:7 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:7 (English Elpenor)

And I said after she did all these things, “Return to me,” but she did not return, and faithless Iouda saw her faithlessness. And I said after she had committed all these acts of fornication, Turn again to me.  Yet she returned not.  And faithless Juda saw her faithlessness.

Jeremiah 3:8 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 3:8 (KJV)

Jeremiah 3:8 (NET)

And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel committed adultery I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah feared not, but went and played the harlot also. And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel committed adultery I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah feared not, but went and played the harlot also. She also saw that, because of wayward Israel’s adulterous worship of other gods, I sent her away and gave her divorce papers.  But still her unfaithful sister Judah was not afraid, and she too went and gave herself like a prostitute to other gods.

Jeremiah 3:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 3:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶδον διότι περὶ πάντων ὧν κατελήμφθη ἐν οἷς ἐμοιχᾶτο ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτὴν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου εἰς τὰς χεῗρας αὐτῆς καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ιουδα καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐπόρνευσεν καὶ αὐτή καὶ εἶδον διότι περὶ πάντων ὧν κατελήφθη, ἐν οἷς ἐμοιχᾶτο ἡ κατοικία ᾿Ισραήλ, καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτὴν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς· καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἡ ἀσύνθετος ᾿Ιούδα καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐπόρνευσε καὶ αὐτή

Jeremiah 3:8 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:8 (English Elpenor)

And I saw that for everything in which the settlement of Israel was caught, [in which she committed adultery], and I sent her away and gave her a document of dismissal, and faithless Iouda did not fear, but she too went and played the whore. And I saw that (for all the sins of which she was convicted, wherein the house of Israel committed adultery, and I put her away, and gave into her hands a bill of divorcement,) yet faithless Juda feared not, but went and herself also committed fornication.

Jeremiah 3:9 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 3:9 (KJV)

Jeremiah 3:9 (NET)

And it came to pass through the lightness of her whoredom, that she defiled the land, and committed adultery with stones and with stocks. And it came to pass through the lightness of her whoredom, that she defiled the land, and committed adultery with stones and with stocks. Because she took her prostitution so lightly, she defiled the land through her adulterous worship of gods made of wood and stone.

Jeremiah 3:9 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 3:9 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐγένετο εἰς οὐθὲν ἡ πορνεία αὐτῆς καὶ ἐμοίχευσεν τὸ ξύλον καὶ τὸν λίθον καὶ ἐγένετο εἰς οὐθὲν ἡ πορνεία αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐμοίχευσε τὸ ξύλον καὶ τὸν λίθον

Jeremiah 3:9 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:9 (English Elpenor)

And her whoredom came to nothing, and she committed adultery with tree and stone. And her fornication was nothing accounted of; and she committed adultery with wood and stone.

Jeremiah 3:10 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 3:10 (KJV)

Jeremiah 3:10 (NET)

And yet for all this her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole heart, but feignedly, saith the LORD. And yet for all this her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole heart, but feignedly, saith the LORD. In spite of all this, Israel’s sister, unfaithful Judah, has not turned back to me with any sincerity; she has only pretended to do so,” says the Lord.

Jeremiah 3:10 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 3:10 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν τούτοις οὐκ ἐπεστράφη πρός με ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ιουδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ ψεύδει καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις οὐκ ἀπεστράφη πρός με ἡ ἀσύνθετος ᾿Ιούδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ ψεύδει

Jeremiah 3:10 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:10 (English Elpenor)

And in all these things faithless Iouda did not return to me with her whole heart, but only in pretense. And for all these things faithless Juda turned not to me with all her heart, but falsely.

Jeremiah 3:11 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 3:11 (KJV)

Jeremiah 3:11 (NET)

And the LORD said unto me, The backsliding Israel hath justified herself more than treacherous Judah. And the LORD said unto me, The backsliding Israel hath justified herself more than treacherous Judah. Then the Lord said to me, “Under the circumstances, wayward Israel could even be considered less guilty than unfaithful Judah.

Jeremiah 3:11 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 3:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἐδικαίωσεν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀσυνθέτου Ιουδα καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρός με· ἐδικαίωσε τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ᾿Ισραὴλ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀσυνθέτου ᾿Ιούδα

Jeremiah 3:11 (NETS)

Jeremiah 3:11 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord said to me: Israel has justified his soul vis-à-vis faithless Iouda. And the Lord said to me, Israel has justified himself more than faithless Juda.

Jeremiah 14:21 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 14:21 (KJV)

Jeremiah 14:21 (NET)

Do not abhor us, for thy name’s sake, do not disgrace the throne (כִּסֵּ֣א) of thy glory (כְבוֹדֶ֑ךָ): remember, break not thy covenant with us. Do not abhor us, for thy name’s sake, do not disgrace the throne (כסא) of thy glory (כבודך): remember, break not thy covenant with us. For the honor of your name, do not treat Jerusalem with contempt.  Do not treat with disdain the place where your glorious (kâbôd, כבודך) throne (kissêʼ, כסא) sits.  Be mindful of your covenant with us.  Do not break it!

Jeremiah 14:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 14:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)

κόπασον διὰ τὸ ὄνομά σου μὴ ἀπολέσῃς θρόνον δόξης σου μνήσθητι μὴ διασκεδάσῃς τὴν διαθήκην σου τὴν μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν κόπασον διὰ τὸ ὄνομά σου, μὴ ἀπολέσῃς θρόνον δόξης σου· μνήσθητι, μὴ διασκεδάσῃς τὴν διαθήκην σου τὴν μεθ’ ἡμῶν

Jeremiah 14:21 (NETS)

Jeremiah 14:21 (English Elpenor)

Stop for your name’s sake; do not destroy the throne of your glory; remember, do not scatter your covenant with us. Refrain for thy name’s sake, destroy not the throne of thy glory: remember, break not thy covenant with us.

Jeremiah 14:22 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 14:22 (KJV)

Jeremiah 14:22 (NET)

Are there any among the vanities of the Gentiles that can cause rain? or can the heavens give showers? art not thou he, O LORD our God? therefore we will wait upon thee: for thou hast made all these things. Are there any among the vanities of the Gentiles that can cause rain? or can the heavens give showers? art not thou he, O LORD our God? therefore we will wait upon thee: for thou hast made all these things. Do any of the worthless idols of the nations cause rain to fall?  Do the skies themselves send showers?  Is it not you, O Lord our God, who does this?  So we put our hopes in you because you alone do all this.”

Jeremiah 14:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 14:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μὴ ἔστιν ἐν εἰδώλοις τῶν ἐθνῶν ὑετίζων καὶ εἰ ὁ οὐρανὸς δώσει πλησμονὴν αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ σὺ εἶ αὐτός καὶ ὑπομενοῦμέν σε ὅτι σὺ ἐποίησας πάντα ταῦτα μὴ ἔστιν ἐν εἰδώλοις τῶν ἐθνῶν ὑετίζων; καὶ εἰ ὁ οὐρανὸς δώσει πλησμονὴν αὐτοῦ, οὐχὶ σὺ εἶ αὐτός; καὶ ὑπομενοῦμέν σε, Κύριε, ὅτι σὺ ἐποίησας πάντα ταῦτα

Jeremiah 14:22 (NETS)

Jeremiah 14:22 (English Elpenor)

Surely, there is no one among idols of the nations that brings rain?  And whether the sky will give its abundance…?  Is it not you yourself?  And we will wait on you, because it is you who did all these things. Is there any one among the idols of the Gentiles that can give rain? and will the sky yield his fulness [at their bidding]? Art not thou he? we will even wait on thee, O Lord: for thou hast made all these things.

Jeremiah 15:1 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 15:1 (KJV)

Jeremiah 15:1 (NET)

Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth. Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth. Then the Lord said to me, “Even if Moses and Samuel stood before me pleading for these people, I would not feel pity for them!  Get them away from me!  Tell them to go away!

Jeremiah 15:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 15:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἐὰν στῇ Μωυσῆς καὶ Σαμουηλ πρὸ προσώπου μου οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς αὐτούς ἐξαπόστειλον τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον καὶ ἐξελθέτωσαν ΚΑΙ εἶπε Κύριος πρός με· ἐὰν στῇ Μωσῆς καὶ Σαμουὴλ πρὸ προσώπου μου, οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς αὐτούς· ἐξαπόστειλον τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐξελθέτωσαν

Jeremiah 15:1 (NETS)

Jeremiah 15:1 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord said to me: If Moyses and Samouel stood before me, my soul would not be toward them.  Send this people away, and let them go! And the Lord said to me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before my face, my soul could not be toward them: dismiss this people, and let them go forth.

Jeremiah 15:2 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 15:2 (KJV)

Jeremiah 15:2 (NET)

And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall we go forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD; Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the captivity, to the captivity. And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall we go forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD; Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the captivity, to the captivity. If they ask you, ‘Where should we go?’ tell them the Lord says this: “Those who are destined to die of disease will go to death by disease.  Those who are destined to die in war will go to death in war.  Those who are destined to die of starvation will go to death by starvation.  Those who are destined to go into exile will go into exile.”

Jeremiah 15:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 15:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν εἴπωσιν πρὸς σέ ποῦ ἐξελευσόμεθα καὶ ἐρεῗς πρὸς αὐτούς τάδε λέγει κύριος ὅσοι εἰς θάνατον εἰς θάνατον καὶ ὅσοι εἰς μάχαιραν εἰς μάχαιραν καὶ ὅσοι εἰς λιμόν εἰς λιμόν καὶ ὅσοι εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν εἴπωσι πρὸς σέ· ποῦ ἐξελευσόμεθα; καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς· τάδε λέγει Κύριος· ὅσοι εἰς θάνατον, εἰς θάνατον· καὶ ὅσοι εἰς μάχαιραν, εἰς μάχαιραν· καί ὅσοι εἰς λιμόν, εἰς λιμόν· καὶ ὅσοι εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν, εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν

Jeremiah 15:2 (NETS)

Jeremiah 15:2 (English Elpenor)

And it shall be, if they say to you, “Where shall we go?” you shall also say to them: This is what the Lord says: Those destined for death, to death, and those destined for a dagger, to a dagger; and those destined for famine, to famine, and those destined for captivity, to captivity. And it shall be, if they say to thee, Whither shall we go forth? then thou shalt say to them, Thus saith the Lord; As many as are for death, to death; and as many as are for famine, to famine; and as many as are for the sword, to the sword; and as many as are for captivity, to captivity.

Jeremiah 15:3 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 15:3 (KJV)

Jeremiah 15:3 (NET)

And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy. And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy. “I will punish them in four different ways: I will have war kill them.  I will have dogs drag off their dead bodies.  I will have birds and wild beasts devour and destroy their corpses.

Jeremiah 15:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 15:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς τέσσαρα εἴδη λέγει κύριος τὴν μάχαιραν εἰς σφαγὴν καὶ τοὺς κύνας εἰς διασπασμὸν καὶ τὰ θηρία τῆς γῆς καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς βρῶσιν καὶ εἰς διαφθοράν καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς τέσσαρα εἴδη, λέγει Κύριος· τὴν μάχαιραν εἰς σφαγὴν καὶ τοὺς κύνας εἰς διασπασμὸν καὶ τὰ θηρία τῆς γῆς καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς βρῶσιν καὶ εἰς διαφθοράν

Jeremiah 15:3 (NETS)

Jeremiah 15:3 (English Elpenor)

And I will avenge on them four kinds, says the Lord: the dagger for slaughter and the dogs for tearing and the wild animals of the earth and the birds of the air for eating and for corruption. And I will punish them with four kinds [of death], saith the Lord, the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the wild beasts of the earth, and the birds of the sky to devour and destroy.

Jeremiah 15:4 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 15:4 (KJV)

Jeremiah 15:4 (NET)

And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem. And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem. I will make all the people in all the kingdoms of the world horrified at what has happened to them because of what Hezekiah’s son Manasseh, king of Judah, did in Jerusalem.”

Jeremiah 15:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 15:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ παραδώσω αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀνάγκας πάσαις ταῗς βασιλείαις τῆς γῆς διὰ Μανασση υἱὸν Εζεκιου βασιλέα Ιουδα περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ παραδώσω αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀνάγκας πάσαις ταῖς βασιλείαις τῆς γῆς διὰ Μανασσῆ υἱὸν ᾿Εζεκίου βασιλέως ᾿Ιούδα, περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν ἐν ῾Ιερουσαλήμ

Jeremiah 15:4 (NETS)

Jeremiah 15:4 (English Elpenor)

And I will hand them over for anguish to all the kingdoms of the earth on account of King Manasse son of Hezekias of Iouda concerning all he did in Ierousalem. And I will deliver them up for distress to all the kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasses son of Ezekias king of Juda, for all that he did in Jerusalem.

Jeremiah 15:5 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 15:5 (KJV)

Jeremiah 15:5 (NET)

For who shall have pity upon thee, O Jerusalem? or who shall bemoan thee? or who shall go aside to ask how thou doest? For who shall have pity upon thee, O Jerusalem? or who shall bemoan thee? or who shall go aside to ask how thou doest? The Lord cried out, “Who in the world will have pity on you, Jerusalem?  Who will grieve over you?  Who will stop long enough to inquire about how you are doing?

Jeremiah 15:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 15:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

τίς φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί Ιερουσαλημ καὶ τίς δειλιάσει ἐπὶ σοί ἢ τίς ἀνακάμψει εἰς εἰρήνην σοι τίς φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί, ῾Ιερουσαλήμ; καὶ τίς δειλιάσει ἐπὶ σοί; ἢ τίς ἀνακάμψει εἰς εἰρήνην σοι

Jeremiah 15:5 (NETS)

Jeremiah 15:5 (English Elpenor)

Who will be sparing over you, O Ierousalem, and who will be indread over you, or who will double back for peace for you? Who will spare thee, O Jerusalem? and who will fear for thee? or who will turn back [to] [ask] for thy welfare?

Jeremiah 15:6 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 15:6 (KJV)

Jeremiah 15:6 (NET)

Thou hast forsaken me, saith the LORD, thou art gone backward: therefore will I stretch out my hand against thee, and destroy thee; I am weary with repenting. Thou hast forsaken me, saith the LORD, thou art gone backward: therefore will I stretch out my hand against thee, and destroy thee; I am weary with repenting. I, the Lord, say: ‘You people have deserted me!  You keep turning your back on me.’  So I have unleashed my power against you and have begun to destroy you.  I have grown tired of feeling sorry for you!”

Jeremiah 15:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 15:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

σὺ ἀπεστράφης με λέγει κύριος ὀπίσω πορεύσῃ καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῗρά μου καὶ διαφθερῶ σε καὶ οὐκέτι ἀνήσω αὐτούς σὺ ἀπεστράφης με, λέγει Κύριος, ὀπίσω πορεύσῃ, καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῖρά μου καὶ διαφθερῶ σε, καὶ οὐκέτι ἀνήσω αὐτούς

Jeremiah 15:6 (NETS)

Jeremiah 15:6 (English Elpenor)

It is you that have turned away from me, says the Lord; you will go backward, and I will stretch out my hand and destroy you, and I will let them off no more. Thou hast turned away from me, saith the Lord, thou wilt go back: therefore I will stretch out my hand, and will destroy thee, and will no more spare them.

John 5:19 (NET)

John 5:19 (KJV)

So Jesus answered them, “I tell you the solemn truth, the Son can do nothing on his own initiative, but only what he sees the Father doing. For whatever the Father does, the Son does likewise. Then answered Jesus and said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the Father do: for what things soever he doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Ἀπεκρίνατο οὖν |ὁ Ἰησοῦς| καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ δύναται ὁ υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν πατέρα ποιοῦντα· ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ απεκρινατο ουν ο ιησους και ειπεν αυτοις αμην αμην λεγω υμιν ου δυναται ο υιος ποιειν αφ εαυτου ουδεν εαν μη τι βλεπη τον πατερα ποιουντα α γαρ αν εκεινος ποιη ταυτα και ο υιος ομοιως ποιει απεκρινατο ουν ο ιησους και ειπεν αυτοις αμην αμην λεγω υμιν ου δυναται ο υιος ποιειν αφ εαυτου ουδεν εαν μη τι βλεπη τον πατερα ποιουντα α γαρ αν εκεινος ποιη ταυτα και ο υιος ομοιως ποιει

John 5:23 (NET)

John 5:23 (KJV)

so that all people will honor the Son just as they honor the Father.  The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him. That all men should honour the Son, even as they honour the Father.  He that honoureth not the Son honoureth not the Father which hath sent him.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν υἱὸν καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν πατέρα. ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν υἱὸν οὐ τιμᾷ τὸν πατέρα τὸν πέμψαντα αὐτόν ινα παντες τιμωσιν τον υιον καθως τιμωσιν τον πατερα ο μη τιμων τον υιον ου τιμα τον πατερα τον πεμψαντα αυτον ινα παντες τιμωσιν τον υιον καθως τιμωσιν τον πατερα ο μη τιμων τον υιον ου τιμα τον πατερα τον πεμψαντα αυτον

Luke 12:4 (NET)

Luke 12:4 (KJV)

I tell you, my friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have nothing more they can do. And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν τοῖς φίλοις μου, μὴ φοβηθῆτε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεινόντων τὸ σῶμα καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα μὴ ἐχόντων περισσότερον τι ποιῆσαι λεγω δε υμιν τοις φιλοις μου μη φοβηθητε απο των αποκτεινοντων το σωμα και μετα ταυτα μη εχοντων περισσοτερον τι ποιησαι λεγω δε υμιν τοις φιλοις μου μη φοβηθητε απο των αποκτενοντων το σωμα και μετα ταυτα μη εχοντων περισσοτερον τι ποιησαι

Luke 12:33 (NET)

Luke 12:33 (KJV)

Sell your possessions and give to the poor.  Provide yourselves purses that do not wear out – a treasure in heaven that never decreases, where no thief approaches and no moth destroys. Sell that ye have, and give alms; provide yourselves bags which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no thief approacheth, neither moth corrupteth.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Πωλήσατε τὰ ὑπάρχοντα ὑμῶν καὶ δότε ἐλεημοσύνην· ποιήσατε ἑαυτοῖς βαλλάντια μὴ παλαιούμενα, θησαυρὸν ἀνέκλειπτον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ὅπου κλέπτης οὐκ ἐγγίζει οὐδὲ σὴς διαφθείρει πωλησατε τα υπαρχοντα υμων και δοτε ελεημοσυνην ποιησατε εαυτοις βαλαντια μη παλαιουμενα θησαυρον ανεκλειπτον εν τοις ουρανοις οπου κλεπτης ουκ εγγιζει ουδε σης διαφθειρει πωλησατε τα υπαρχοντα υμων και δοτε ελεημοσυνην ποιησατε εαυτοις βαλαντια μη παλαιουμενα θησαυρον ανεκλειπτον εν τοις ουρανοις οπου κλεπτης ουκ εγγιζει ουδε σης διαφθειρει

Hebrews 8:2 (NET)

Hebrews 8:2 (KJV)

a minister in the sanctuary and the true tabernacle that the Lord, not man, set up. A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

τῶν ἁγίων λειτουργὸς καὶ τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος των αγιων λειτουργος και της σκηνης της αληθινης ην επηξεν ο κυριος και ουκ ανθρωπος των αγιων λειτουργος και της σκηνης της αληθινης ην επηξεν ο κυριος και ουκ ανθρωπος

[1] 1 Samuel 2:8b (Tanakh) Table

[2] 1 Samuel 2:8a (Tanakh)

[3] Luke 1:32, 33 (NET) Table

[4] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς (untranslated in the NET) here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και ειπεν αυτοις (KJV: and said unto them).

[5] The NET parallel Greek text had τιμῶσι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had τιμωσιν (KJV: honour).

[6] The NET parallel Greek text had τιμῶσι here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had τιμωσιν (KJV: honour).

[7] The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Stephanus Textus Receptus had ἀποκτεινόντων here, where the Byzantine Majority Text had αποκτενοντων.

[8] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had βαλλάντια here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had βαλαντια (KJV: bags).

[9] John 3:16 (NET) Table

[10] Jeremiah 3:16b, 17 (Tanakh)

[11] “And her whoredom (πορνεία) came to nothing, and she committed adultery (ἐμοίχευσεν) with tree and stone” (Table18 above).

[12] Jeremiah 14:21, 22 (Tanakh)

[13] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had και (KJV: and) preceding not.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[14] Hebrews 8:1b, 2 (NET)

Hannah’s Prayer, Part 3

Hannah’s prayer continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:4, 5 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:4, 5 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:4, 5 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:4, 5 (Elpenor English)

The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. The bows of warriors are shattered, but those who stumbled have taken on strength. The bow of the mighty has become weak, and weak ones have girded themselves with might; The bow of the mighty has waxed feeble, and the weak have girded themselves with strength.
They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry have ceased; while the barren hath borne seven, she that had many children hath languished. The well-fed hire themselves out to earn food, but the hungry no longer lack.  Even the barren woman has given birth to seven, but the one with many children has declined. full of bread they suffered loss, and the hungry have forsaken the land, because a barren one has borne seven, and she who is rich in children became weak. They that were full of bread are brought low; and the hungry have forsaken the land; for the barren has born seven, and she that abounded in children has waxed feeble.

In the Tanakh (Table3 below) חָדֵ֑לּוּ was translated have ceased, or ceased in the KJV.  The translators of the NET understood חדלו (châdal) as no longer lack, though the rabbis who translated the Septuagint (Table4 below) chose παρῆκαν γῆν (have forsaken the land).  This variation of meaning was evident in the first occurrence of חדלו (châdal): So HaShem scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth; and they left off (וַיַּחְדְּל֖וּ) to build the city.[1]  They stopped building in the NET (Table5 below) because few (or none) remained to continue.  The rabbis chose ἐπαύσαντο (Table6 below) the middle voice of παύω which can mean “to stop doing (something)” as well as “to leave” or “to cease to exist.”

In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied (חָדְל֖וּ), and the travellers walked through byways.[2]  The KJV was identical here (Table7 below) while the NET had caravans disappeared (châdal, חדלו).  The Tanakh on chabad.org rendered it caravans ceased.  All conjure an image of depopulation.  The Greek word ἐξέλιπον (Table8 below) was translated they deserted the ways in one version of the Septuagint and kings were lacking in another.

The inhabitants of the villages ceased (חָדְל֧וּ), they ceased (חָדֵ֑לּוּ) in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel.[3]  There is some question who ceased or were scarce (Table9 below) or was lacking or failed (Table10 below), but all seemed to be attempting a translation of חדלו (châdal).  I wanted to consider at least one example where the clear intent was to stop something: And Samson said unto them, Though ye have done this, yet will I be avenged of you, and after that I will cease.[4]  Samson promised to quit killing after he got revenge (Table11 below).

Though the rabbis chose different Greek words—παρῆκαν, ἐπαύσαντο, ἐξέλιπον, ἐξέλιπεν and κοπάσ—I’m convinced, except for the BLB version of Judges 15:7 (Table12 below), that some form of חָדַל (châdal) was the Hebrew word in question.  Again, the Tanakh and KJV have the most accurate translation as far as the range of meaning of the word is concerned, but Hannah probably meant something more like the hungry no longer lack or the hungry have forsaken the land.  So the cautious translation—ceased or have ceased—is a tacit admission that the translators of the KJV and Tanakh had no more idea what Hannah actually meant than I do.

I lacked the patience for this kind of ambiguity when I searched the Bible for rules to justify me and condemn you if we disagreed.  Such ambiguity threatened the veracity as well as the harshness of my judgments.  Studying to knowthe only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom [He] sent[5] is another matter entirely.  Lessons on the limitations of the language that carry that knowledge are part of the process.  I won’t spend any more time here trying to crack the code of what Hannah actually meant.  I’m more interested in what she prayed next, something that has enjoyed more universal agreement among translators.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:6 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:6 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:6 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:6 (Elpenor English)

HaShem killeth, and maketh alive; He bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up. The Lord both kills and gives life; he brings down to the grave and raises up. The Lord puts to death and brings to life; he brings down to Hades and brings up. The Lord kills and makes alive; he brings down to the grave, and brings up.

This was the first time the Hebrew word ויעל (ʽâlâh; Tanakh: bringeth up) was used to mean resurrection.  It was translated ἀνάγει (a form of ἀνάγω; brings up) in the Septuagint (Table14 below).  Now may the God of peace who by the blood of the eternal covenant brought back (ἀναγαγὼν, another form of ἀνάγω) from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, equip you with every good thing[6] to do his will, working in us[7] what is pleasing before him through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever.[8]  Amen.[9]

The prophet Ezekiel was told (Ezekiel 37:12-14 Tanakh):

Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up (וְהַֽעֲלֵיתִ֥י) out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel.  And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have opened your graves, O my people, and brought you up (וּבְהַֽעֲלוֹתִ֥י) out of your graves, And shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you in your own land: then shall ye know that I the LORD have spoken it, and performed it, saith the LORD.

Here וְהַֽעֲלֵיתִ֥י (come up) was translated ἀνάξω (another form of ἀνάγω) and וּבְהַֽעֲלוֹתִ֥י (brought…up) was translated ἀναγαγεῗν (another form of ἀνάγω).  I admit I have taken this resurrection literally.  Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke January 27, 2010 at Auschwitz in Poland, and said:

We, the Jewish nation, who lost a third of our people on Europe’s blood-soaked soil, have learned that the only guarantee for defending our people is a strong State of Israel and the army of Israel…

The Jewish people rose from ashes and destruction, from a terrible pain that can never be healed. Armed with the Jewish spirit, the justice of man, and the vision of the prophets, we sprouted new branches and grew deep roots. Dry bones became covered with flesh, a spirit filled them, and they lived and stood on their own feet.

As Ezekiel prophesized:

“Then He said unto me: These bones are the whole House of Israel. They say, ‘Our bones are dried up, our hope is gone; we are doomed.’ Prophecy [sic], therefore, and say to them: Thus said the Lord God: I am going to open your graves and lift you out of your graves, O My people, and bring you to the land of Israel.”

Almost three weeks later an anonymous blogger wrote:

Israel came back from the dead in 1948.  In spite of the obviousness of the situation, there are many who continue to deny this and look at this as either an accident of nature, or simply due to Israel’s stubborness.  However, in spite of the all the odds, Israel once again became a nation.  Not only this, but since that time, the language of Hebrew (also dead as a language prior to that point), was resurrected.  This is unheard of that dead languages are resurrected!

Today, continuing against all odds, Israel exists.

It is the kind of activity Hannah credited to God:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:7, 8a (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:7, 8a (NET) 1 Reigns 2:7, 8 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:7, 8 (Elpenor English)

HaShem maketh poor, and maketh rich; He bringeth low, He also lifteth up. The Lord impoverishes and makes wealthy; he humbles and he exalts. The Lord makes poor and makes rich; he brings low, and he raises on high. The Lord makes poor, and makes rich; he brings low, and lifts up.
He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory; He lifts the weak from the dust; he raises the poor from the ash heap to seat them with princes–he bestows on them an honored position. He raises up the needy from the ground and lifts the poor from the dunghill, to make them sit with the mighty of the peoples, even making them inherit a throne of glory. He lifts up the poor from the earth, and raises the needy from the dunghill; to seat him with the princes of the people, and causing them to inherit the throne of glory:

As Paul wrote believers in Corinth (1 Corinthians 1:27-29 NET Table):

God chose what the world thinks foolish to shame the wise, and God chose what the world thinks weak to shame the strong.  God chose what is low and despised in the world, what is regarded as nothing, to set aside what is regarded as something, so that no one can boast in his presence.

But the Masoretic text continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:8b (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:8b (NET) 1 Reigns 2:8b (NETS)

1 Kings 2:8b (Elpenor English)

for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them. The foundations of the earth belong to the Lord–he placed the world on them.

The Hebrew word translated pillars was מְצֻ֣קֵי (mâtsûq).  It only occurred one other time: The one crag rose up (מָצ֥וּק) on the north in front of Michmas, and the other on the south in front of Geba.[10]  The rabbis translated this verse in the Septuagint without translating the modifier מָצ֥וּק (mâtsûq).  In the English translations of the Septuagint (Table26 below) the word was was supplied just like מָצ֥וּק (mâtsûq) was translated in the NET (Table25 below).  But a crag or cliff face “pillared up” conjures a mental image not unlike an igneous rock formation called columnar jointing.

An entry titled “The Hexagon Pool” on Milestones Israel online reads:

A fact maybe not widely known is that many of the mountain and rock formations in Israel are volcanic.  The result is beautiful sites such as the Hexagon Pool which can be found in the Yehudiya Forest in northern Israel.

I can easily imagine Hannah describing columnar jointing as pillars of the earth.  The most apparent reason why the rabbis wouldn’t translate it was deference to Greek knowledge of a spherical earth.  Perhaps a world (תֵּבֵֽל) placed on pillars sounded a little too much like a flat earth.  Though this strikes me as more a modern than an ancient concern, the Wikipedia article “Spherical Earthreads:

The Hebrew Bible imagined a three-part world, with the heavens (shamayim) above, Earth (eres) in the middle, and the underworld (sheol) below.[35] After the 4th century BC this was gradually replaced by a Greek scientific cosmology of a spherical Earth surrounded by multiple concentric heavens.[36]

I still wanted to examine the scriptures.  Since I couldn’t pursue מְצֻ֣קֵי, pillars, any further I looked at תֵּבֵֽל (têbêl), worldAnd the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations (מֹסְד֣וֹת) of the world (תֵּבֵ֑ל) were laid bare by the rebuke of HaShem, at the blast of the breath of His nostrils.[11]  The rabbis had no problem with this one: And the channels of the sea were seen, and the foundations (θεμέλια) of the world (οἰκουμένης) were discovered, at the rebuke of the Lord, at the blast of the breath of his anger.[12]  This is repeated with minor variations in Psalm 18:15 (Table29 and Table30 below).  Granted, the rabbis may have perceived David’s song as less literal than Hannah’s prayer.

I began to investigate verses which contained both מֹסְד֣וֹת (foundations) and אֶ֨רֶץ֙ (earth) as a proxy for pillars of the earthFor a fire is kindled in My nostril, and burneth unto the depths of the nether-world, and devoureth the earth (אֶ֨רֶץ֙) with her produce, and setteth ablaze the foundations (מֽוֹסְדֵ֥י) of the mountains.[13]  The rabbis translated this practically verbatim: For a fire has been kindled out of my wrath, it shall burn to hell below; it shall devour the land (γῆν; NETS: earth), and the fruits of it; it shall set on fire the foundations (θεμέλια) of the mountains.[14]  As far as it goes it’s a fairly good description of volcanism, except for attributing volcanism to God’s anger at Israel’s sin and rebellion (Deuteronomy 32:21).

Then the earth (הָאָ֔רֶץ) did shake and quake, the foundations (מוֹסְד֥וֹת) of heaven did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth.[15]  The rabbis render it: And the earth (γῆ) was troubled and quaked, and the foundations (θεμέλια) of heaven were confounded and torn asunder, because the Lord was wroth with them.[16]  This theme of earthquakes and God’s anger continued.

Then the earth (הָאָ֗רֶץ) shook and trembled; the foundations (וּמֽוֹסְדֵ֣י) also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth.[17]  The rabbis translated it: Then the earth (γῆ) shook and quaked, and the foundations (θεμέλια) of the mountains were disturbed, and were shaken, because God was angry with them.[18]

They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations (מ֥וֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אָֽרֶץ) are out of course.[19]  The repetition of this theme is causing me to repent of any tendency to use my admittedly meager knowledge of volcanism and plate tectonics to ascribe such naturalness to them as to scoff at God’s wrath as their cause.  The rabbis translated it: They know not, nor understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations (θεμέλια) of the earth (γῆς) shall be shaken.[20]

Reference

Masoretic Text (Tanakh)

Septuagint (Elpenor English)

Isaiah 24:18 And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations (מ֥וֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אָֽרֶץ) do shake. And it shall come to pass, [that] he that flees from the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that comes up out of the pit shall be caught by the snare: for windows have been opened in heaven, and the foundations (θεμέλια) of the earth (γῆς) shall be shaken,
Isaiah 40:21 Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations (מֽוֹסְד֖וֹת) of the earth (הָאָֽרֶץ)? Will ye not know? will ye not hear? has it not been told you of old?  Have ye not known the foundations (θεμέλια) of the earth (γῆς)?
Micah 6:2 Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD’s controversy, and ye strong foundations (מֹ֣סְדֵי) of the earth (אָ֑רֶץ): for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel. Hear ye, O mountains, the controversy of the Lord, and [ye] valleys [even] the foundations (θεμέλια) of the earth (γῆς): for the Lord [has] a controversy with his people, and will plead with Israel.

I saved the final two occurrences of מֹסְד֣וֹת (foundations) and אֶ֨רֶץ֙ (earth) as a transition to considering the alternative that Masoretes added for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them to Hannah’s prayer.

Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations (מֽוֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אֶ֖רֶץ) searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD.[21]  The Septuagint was significantly different.  Though the sky should be raised to a [greater] height, saith the Lord, and though the ground (ἔδαφος) of the earth (γῆς) should be sunk [lower] beneath, yet I will not cast off the family of Israel, saith the Lord, for all that they have done.[22]

The first thing that leapt out at me was the possibility that μετέωρον (Table46 below) was a copyist’s jumble of μετρέω and μέτρον.  On the other hand, if one considers astronomy and geophysics as fulfilling the conditions specified in the Masoretic text to cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, the rabbis’ translation in the Septuagint might become preferable to those who believe that God is faithful to Israel for the sake of his holy name.

Reference

Masoretic Text (Tanakh)

Septuagint (Elpenor English)

Proverbs 8:29 When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations (מ֣וֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אָֽרֶץ): and when he strengthened the foundations (θεμέλια) of the earth (γῆς):

This prompts the question afresh: Did the rabbis refuse to translate When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment?  Or was it not there originally to be translated?  I won’t explore that here but will consider that possibility in Hannah’s prayer.

Jacob “Freudenthal’s ultimate conclusion…was that ‘the translation of the so-called Septuagint bears no traces of the inroad of Greek philosophy into Jewish Hellenism.’”[23]  If I wonder whether that might apply to Greek cosmology as well, and consider more seriously that the Masoretes’ “ultimate goal was to uphold the traditions of the Jewish people,”[24] my attention becomes focused on why they would add something to Hannah’s prayer?  My assumption would be for misdirection.  They wanted my attention drawn away from the Savior/Judge Hannah had praised up to that point and onto the Creator.  So I fastened on inherit the throne of glory because of its proximity, preceding the suspected addition.

The Hebrew word translated throne was וְכִסֵּ֥א (kissêʼ) and glory was כָב֖וֹד (kâbôd).  I began with the most notable throne one might inherit, God’s promise to David through the prophet Nathan.

1 Chronicles

Masoretic Text (Tanakh)

Septuagint (Elpenor English)

17:11 And it shall come to pass, when thy days be expired that thou must go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons; and I will establish his kingdom. And it shall come to pass when thy days shall be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom.
17:12 He shall build me an house, and I will stablish his throne (כִּסְא֖וֹ) for ever. He shall build me a house, and I will set up his throne (θρόνον) for ever.
17:13 I will be his father, and he shall be my son: and I will not take my mercy away from him, as I took it from him that was before thee: I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son: and my mercy will I not withdraw from him, as I withdrew [it] from them that were before thee.
17:14 But I will settle him in mine house and in my kingdom for ever: and his throne (וְכִסְא֕וֹ) shall be established for evermore. And I will establish him in my house and in his kingdom for ever; and his throne (θρόνος) shall be set up for ever.

So the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God!  Listen: You will become pregnant and give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus.  He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne (θρόνον) of his father David.[25]  He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end.”[26]

I’ll pick this up in another essay.

Tables comparing 1 Samuel 2:4; 2:5; Genesis 11:8; Judges 5:6; 5:7; 15:7; 1 Samuel 2:6; Ezekiel 37:12; 37:13; 37:14; 1 Samuel 2:7; 2:8; 14:5; 2 Samuel 22:16; Psalm 18:15; Deuteronomy 32:22; 2 Samuel 22:8; Psalm 18:7; 82:5; Isaiah 24:18; 40:21; Micah 6:2; Jeremiah 31:37; Proverbs 8:29; 1 Chronicles 17:11; 17:12; 17:13 and 17:14 in the Tanakh, KJV and NET; and tables comparing 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 2:4; 2:5; Genesis 11:8; Judges 5:6; 5:7; 15:7; 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 2:6; Ezekiel 37:12; 37:13; 37:14; 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 2:7; 2:8; 14:5; 2 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 22:16; Psalm 18:15 (17:16); Deuteronomy 32:22; 2 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 22:8; Psalm 18:7 (17:8); 82:5 (81:5); Isaiah 24:18; 40:21; Micah 6:2; Jeremiah 31:35 (38:35; 38:37); Proverbs 8:29; 1 Chronicles (Supplements) 17:11; 17:12; 17:13 and 17:14 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following these are tables comparing Hebrews 13:21 and Luke 1:32 in the NET and KJV.

1 Samuel 2:4 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:4 (KJV)

1 Samuel 2:4 (NET)

The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. The bows of warriors are shattered, but those who stumbled have taken on strength.

1 Samuel 2:4 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

τόξον δυνατῶν ἠσθένησεν καὶ ἀσθενοῦντες περιεζώσαντο δύναμιν τόξον δυνατῶν ἠσθένησε, καὶ ἀσθενοῦντες περιεζώσαντο δύναμιν

1 Reigns 2:4 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:4 (English Elpenor)

The bow of the mighty has become weak, and weak ones have girded themselves with might; The bow of the mighty has waxed feeble, and the weak have girded themselves with strength.

1 Samuel 2:5 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:5 (KJV)

1 Samuel 2:5 (NET)

They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry have ceased; while the barren hath borne seven, she that had many children hath languished. They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble. The well-fed hire themselves out to earn food, but the hungry no longer lack. Even the barren woman has given birth to seven, but the one with many children has declined.

1 Samuel 2:5 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

πλήρεις ἄρτων ἠλαττώθησαν καὶ οἱ πεινῶντες παρῆκαν γῆν ὅτι στεῗρα ἔτεκεν ἑπτά καὶ ἡ πολλὴ ἐν τέκνοις ἠσθένησεν πλήρεις ἄρτων ἠλαττώθησαν, καὶ οἱ πεινῶντες παρῆκαν γῆν· ὅτι στεῖρα ἔτεκεν ἑπτά, καὶ ἡ πολλὴ ἐν τέκνοις ἠσθένησε

1 Reigns 2:5 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:5 (English Elpenor)

full of bread they suffered loss, and the hungry have forsaken the land, because a barren one has borne seven, and she who is rich in children became weak. They that were full of bread are brought low; and the hungry have forsaken the land; for the barren has born seven, and she that abounded in children has waxed feeble.

Genesis 11:8 (Tanakh)

Genesis 11:8 (KJV)

Genesis 11:8 (NET)

So HaShem scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth; and they left off (וַיַּחְדְּל֖וּ) to build the city. So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off (ויחדלו) to build the city. So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth, and they stopped (châdal, ויחדלו) building the city.

Genesis 11:8 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 11:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ διέσπειρεν αὐτοὺς κύριος ἐκεῗθεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐπαύσαντο οἰκοδομοῦντες τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον καὶ διέσπειρεν αὐτοὺς Κύριος ἐκεῖθεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐπαύσαντο οἰκοδομοῦντες τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον

Genesis 11:8 (NETS)

Genesis 11:8 (English Elpenor)

And the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city and the tower. And the Lord scattered them thence over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city and the tower.

Judges 5:6 (Tanakh)

Judges 5:6 (KJV)

Judges 5:6 (NET)

In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied (חָדְל֖וּ), and the travellers walked through byways. In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied (חדלו), and the travellers walked through byways. In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared (châdal, חדלו); travelers had to go on winding side roads.

Judges 5:6 (Septuagint BLB)

Judges 5:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐν ἡμέραις Σαμεγαρ υἱοῦ Αναθ ἐν ἡμέραις Ιαηλ ἐξέλιπον βασιλεῗς καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν τρίβους ἐπορεύθησαν ὁδοὺς διεστραμμένας ἐν ἡμέραις Σαμεγὰρ υἱοῦ ᾿Ανάθ, ἐν ἡμέραις ᾿Ιαὴλ ἐξέλιπον ὁδοὺς καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἀτραπούς, ἐπορεύθησαν ὁδοὺς διεστραμμένας

Judges 5:6 (NETS)

Judges 5:6 (English Elpenor)

In the days of Samegar son of Anath, in the days of Iael, kings were lacking, and they traveled paths; they traveled twisting roads. In the days of Samegar son of Anath, in the days of Jael, they deserted the ways, and went in by-ways; they went in crooked paths.

Judges 5:7 (Tanakh)

Judges 5:7 (KJV)

Judges 5:7 (NET)

The inhabitants of the villages ceased (חָדְל֧וּ), they ceased (חָדֵ֑לּוּ) in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel. The inhabitants of the villages ceased (חדלו), they ceased (חדלו) in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel. Warriors were scarce (châdal, חדלו), they were scarce (châdal, חדלו) in Israel, until you arose, Deborah, until you arose as a motherly protector in Israel.

Judges 5:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Judges 5:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐξέλιπεν φραζων ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ ἐξέλιπεν ἕως οὗ ἐξανέστη Δεββωρα ὅτι ἀνέστη μήτηρ ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ ἐξέλιπον δυνατοὶ ἐν ᾿Ισραήλ, ἐξέλιπον, ἕως οὗ ἀνέστη Δεββώρα, ἕως οὗ ἀνέστη μήτηρ ἐν ᾿Ισραήλ

Judges 5:7 (NETS)

Judges 5:7 (English Elpenor)

A spokesman was lacking in Israel; he was lacking until Debbora rose up, for she arose as a mother in Israel. The mighty men in Israel failed, they failed until Debbora arose, until she arose a mother in Israel.
Judges 15:7 (Tanakh) Judges 15:7 (KJV)

Judges 15:7 (NET)

And Samson said unto them, Though ye have done this, yet will I be avenged of you, and after that I will cease (אֶחְדָּֽל). And Samson said unto them, Though ye have done this, yet will I be avenged of you, and after that I will cease (אחדל). Samson said to them, “Because you did this, I will get revenge against you before I quit (châdal, אחדל) fighting.”

Judges 15:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Judges 15:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῗς Σαμψων ἐὰν ποιήσητε οὕτως οὐκ εὐδοκήσω ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐκδίκησίν μου ἐξ ἑνὸς καὶ ἑκάστου ὑμῶν ποιήσομαι καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Σαμψών· ἐὰν ποιήσητε οὕτως ταύτην, ὅτι ἦ μὴν ἐκδικήσω ἐν ὑμῖν καὶ ἔσχατον κοπάσω

Judges 15:7 (NETS)

Judges 15:7 (English Elpenor)

And Samson said to them, “if you act thus, I will not be content unless I take my revenge from each and every one of you.” And Sampson said to them, Though ye may have dealt thus with her, verily I will be avenged of you, and afterwards I will cease.

1 Samuel 2:6 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:6 (KJV)

1 Samuel 2:6 (NET)

HaShem killeth, and maketh alive; He bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up (וַיָּֽעַל). The LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up (ויעל). The Lord both kills and gives life; he brings down to the grave and raises up (ʽâlâh, ויעל).

1 Samuel 2:6 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:6 (Septuagint Elpenor)

κύριος θανατοῗ καὶ ζωογονεῗ κατάγει εἰς ᾅδου καὶ ἀνάγει Κύριος θανατοῖ καὶ ζωογονεῖ, κατάγει εἰς ᾅδου καὶ ἀνάγει

1 Reigns 2:6 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:6 (English Elpenor)

The Lord puts to death and brings to life; he brings down to Hades and brings up. The Lord kills and makes alive; he brings down to the grave, and brings up.

Ezekiel 37:12 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 37:12 (KJV)

Ezekiel 37:12 (NET)

Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up (וְהַֽעֲלֵיתִ֥י) out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up (והעליתי) out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to open your graves and will raise (ʽâlâh, והעליתי) you from your graves, my people.  I will bring you to the land of Israel.

Ezekiel 37:12 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 37:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)

διὰ τοῦτο προφήτευσον καὶ εἰπόν τάδε λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀνοίγω ὑμῶν τὰ μνήματα καὶ ἀνάξω ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν μνημάτων ὑμῶν καὶ εἰσάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ Ισραηλ διὰ τοῦτο προφήτευσον καὶ εἰπὸν πρὸς αὐτούς· τάδε λέγει Κύριος· ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀνοίγω τὰ μνήματα ὑμῶν καὶ ἀνάξω ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν μνημάτων ὑμῶν καὶ εἰσάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ ᾿Ισραήλ

Ezekiel 37:12 (NETS)

Ezekiel 37:12 (English Elpenor)

Therefore prophesy, and say, This is what the Lord says: Behold, I am opening your tombs and will bring you up out of your tombs and bring you into the land of Israel, therefore prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord; Behold, I [will] open your tombs, and will bring you up out of your tombs, and will bring you into the land of Israel.

Ezekiel 37:13 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 37:13 (KJV)

Ezekiel 37:13 (NET)

And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have opened your graves, O my people, and brought you up (וּבְהַֽעֲלוֹתִ֥י) out of your graves, And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have opened your graves, O my people, and brought you up (ובהעלותי) out of your graves, Then you will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and raise (ʽâlâh, ובהעלותי) you from your graves, my people.

Ezekiel 37:13 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 37:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ἐν τῷ ἀνοῗξαί με τοὺς τάφους ὑμῶν τοῦ ἀναγαγεῗν με ἐκ τῶν τάφων τὸν λαόν μου καὶ γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ἐν τῷ ἀνοῖξαί με τοὺς τάφους ὑμῶν τοῦ ἀναγαγεῖν με ἐκ τῶν τάφων τὸν λαόν μου

Ezekiel 37:13 (NETS)

Ezekiel 37:13 (English Elpenor)

And you shall know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves so that I might bring my people up out of their graves. And ye shall know that I am the Lord, when I have opened your graves, that I may bring up my people from [their] graves.

Ezekiel 37:14 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 37:14 (KJV)

Ezekiel 37:14 (NET)

And shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you in your own land: then shall ye know that I the LORD have spoken it, and performed it, saith the LORD. And shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you in your own land: then shall ye know that I the LORD have spoken it, and performed it, saith the LORD. I will place my breath in you and you will live; I will give you rest in your own land.  Then you will know that I am the Lord – I have spoken and I will act, declares the Lord.’”

Ezekiel 37:14 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 37:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ δώσω τὸ πνεῦμά μου εἰς ὑμᾶς καὶ ζήσεσθε καὶ θήσομαι ὑμᾶς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ὑμῶν καὶ γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος λελάληκα καὶ ποιήσω λέγει κύριος καὶ δώσω πνεῦμά μου εἰς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ζήσεσθε, καὶ θήσομαι ὑμᾶς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ὑμῶν, καὶ γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ Κύριος· λελάληκα καὶ ποιήσω, λέγει Κύριος

Ezekiel 37:14 (NETS)

Ezekiel 37:14 (English Elpenor)

And I will give my spirit into you, and you shall live, and I will place you upon your own land, and you shall know that I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will act, says the Lord. And I will put my Spirit within you, and ye shall live, and I will place you upon your own land: and ye shall know that I [am] the Lord; I have spoken, and will do [it], saith the Lord.

1 Samuel 2:7 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:7 (KJV)

1 Samuel 2:7 (NET)

HaShem maketh poor, and maketh rich; He bringeth low, He also lifteth up. The LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up. The Lord impoverishes and makes wealthy; he humbles and he exalts.

1 Samuel 2:7 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:7 (Septuagint Elpenor)

κύριος πτωχίζει καὶ πλουτίζει ταπεινοῗ καὶ ἀνυψοῗ Κύριος πτωχίζει καὶ πλουτίζει, ταπεινοῖ καὶ ἀνυψοῖ

1 Reigns 2:7 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:7 (English Elpenor)

The Lord makes poor and makes rich; he brings low, and he raises on high. The Lord makes poor, and makes rich; he brings low, and lifts up.

1 Samuel 2:8 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:8 (KJV)

1 Samuel 2:8 (NET)

He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, He lifteth up the needy from the dung-hill, to make them sit with princes, and inherit the throne of glory; for the pillars of the earth are HaShem’S, and He hath set the world upon them. He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD’S, and he hath set the world upon them. He lifts the weak from the dust; he raises the poor from the ash heap to seat them with princes–he bestows on them an honored position.  The foundations of the earth belong to the Lord–he placed the world on them.

1 Samuel 2:8 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀνιστᾷ ἀπὸ γῆς πένητα καὶ ἀπὸ κοπρίας ἐγείρει πτωχὸν καθίσαι μετὰ δυναστῶν λαῶν καὶ θρόνον δόξης κατακληρονομῶν αὐτοῗς ἀνιστᾷ ἀπὸ γῆς πένητα καὶ ἀπὸ κοπρίας ἐγείρει πτωχὸν καθίσαι μετὰ δυναστῶν λαοῦ καὶ θρόνον δόξης κατακληρονομῶν αὐτοῖς

1 Reigns 2:8 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:8 (English Elpenor)

He raises up the needy from the ground and lifts the poor from the dunghill, to make them sit with the mighty of the peoples, even making them inherit a throne of glory. He lifts up the poor from the earth, and raises the needy from the dunghill; to seat him with the princes of the people, and causing them to inherit the throne of glory:

1 Samuel 14:5 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 14:5 (KJV)

1 Samuel 14:5 (NET)

The one crag rose up (מָצ֥וּק) on the north in front of Michmas, and the other on the south in front of Geba. The forefront of the one was situate (מצוק) northward over against Michmash, and the other southward over against Gibeah. The cliff to the north was (mâtsûq, מצוק) closer to Micmash, the one to the south closer to Geba.

1 Samuel 14:5 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 14:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ μία ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ἐρχομένῳ Μαχμας καὶ ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἄλλη ἀπὸ νότου ἐρχομένῳ Γαβεε ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ μία ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ἐρχομένῳ Μαχμὰς καὶ ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἄλλη ἀπὸ νότου ἐρχομένῳ Γαβαέ

1 Reigns 14:5 (NETS)

1 Kings 14:5 (English Elpenor)

one way from the north was for one going to Machmas, and the other way from the south, for one going to Gabee. The one way [was] northward to one coming to Machmas, and the other way [was] southward to one coming to Gabae.

2 Samuel 22:16 (Tanakh)

2 Samuel 22:16 (KJV)

2 Samuel 22:16 (NET)

And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations (מֹסְד֣וֹת) of the world (תֵּבֵ֑ל) were laid bare by the rebuke of HaShem, at the blast of the breath of His nostrils. And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations (מסדות) of the world (תבל) were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils. The depths of the sea were exposed; the inner regions (môsâdâh, מסדות) of the world (têbêl, תבל) were uncovered by the Lord’s battle cry, by the powerful breath from his nose.

2 Samuel 22:16 (Septuagint BLB)

2 Kings 22:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ὤφθησαν ἀφέσεις θαλάσσης καὶ ἀπεκαλύφθη θεμέλια τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐν τῇ ἐπιτιμήσει κυρίου ἀπὸ πνοῆς πνεύματος θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ὤφθησαν ἀφέσεις θαλάσσης, καὶ ἀπεκαλύφθη θεμέλια τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐν τῇ ἐπιτιμήσει Κυρίου, ἀπὸ πνοῆς πνεύματος θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ

2 Reigns 22:16 (NETS)

2 Kings 22:16 (English Elpenor)

And emissions of sea were seen, and foundations of the world were laid bare by the rebuke of the Lord, at the blast of the breath of his anger. And the channels of the sea were seen, and the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuke of the Lord, at the blast of the breath of his anger.

Psalm 18:15 (Tanakh)

Psalm 18:15 (KJV)

Psalm 18:15 (NET)

Then the channels of waters were seen, and the foundations (מֽוֹסְד֪וֹת) of the world (תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל) were discovered at thy rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils. Then the channels of waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were discovered at thy rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils. The depths of the sea were exposed; the inner regions (môsâdâh, מוסדות) of the world (têbêl, תבל) were uncovered by your battle cry, Lord, by the powerful breath from your nose.

Psalm 18:15 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 17:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ὤφθησαν αἱ πηγαὶ τῶν ὑδάτων καὶ ἀνεκαλύφθη τὰ θεμέλια τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀπὸ ἐπιτιμήσεώς σου κύριε ἀπὸ ἐμπνεύσεως πνεύματος ὀργῆς σου καὶ ὤφθησαν αἱ πηγαὶ τῶν ὑδάτων, καὶ ἀνεκαλύφθη τὰ θεμέλια τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀπὸ ἐπιτιμήσεώς σου, Κύριε, ἀπὸ ἐμπνεύσεως πνεύματος ὀργῆς σου

Psalm 17:16 (NETS)

Psalm 17:16 (English Elpenor)

And the springs of the waters appeared, and the foundations of the world were uncovered at your rebuke, O Lord, at the blast of the breath of your wrath. And the springs of waters appeared, and the foundations of the world were exposed, at thy rebuke, O Lord, at the blasting of the breath of thy wrath.

Deuteronomy 32:22 (Tanakh)

Deuteronomy 32:22 (KJV)

Deuteronomy 32:22 (NET)

For a fire is kindled in My nostril, and burneth unto the depths of the nether-world, and devoureth the earth (אֶ֨רֶץ֙) with her produce, and setteth ablaze the foundations (מֽוֹסְדֵ֥י) of the mountains. For a fire is kindled in mine anger, and shall burn unto the lowest hell, and shall consume the earth with her increase, and set on fire the foundations of the mountains. For a fire has been kindled by my anger, and it burns to lowest Sheol; it consumes the earth (ʼerets, ארץ) and its produce, and ignites the foundations (môsâdâh, מוסדי) of the mountains.

Deuteronomy 32:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Deuteronomy 32:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ὅτι πῦρ ἐκκέκαυται ἐκ τοῦ θυμοῦ μου καυθήσεται ἕως ᾅδου κάτω καταφάγεται γῆν καὶ τὰ γενήματα αὐτῆς φλέξει θεμέλια ὀρέων ὅτι πῦρ ἐκκέκαυται ἐκ τοῦ θυμοῦ μου, καυθήσεται ἕως ᾅδου κάτω, καταφάγεται γῆν καὶ τὰ γενήματα αὐτῆς, φλέξει θεμέλια ὀρέων

Deuteronomy 32:22 (NETS)

Deuteronomy 32:22 (English Elpenor)

For a fire has lit up from my anger and will burn as far as Hades below; it will devour earth and its produce and will light up the foundations of mountains. For a fire has been kindled out of my wrath, it shall burn to hell below; it shall devour the land, and the fruits of it; it shall set on fire the foundations of the mountains.

2 Samuel 22:8 (Tanakh)

2 Samuel 22:8 (KJV)

2 Samuel 22:8 (NET)

Then the earth (הָאָ֔רֶץ) did shake and quake, the foundations (מוֹסְד֥וֹת) of heaven did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth. Then the earth (הארץ) shook and trembled; the foundations (מוסדות) of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth. The earth (ʼerets, הארץ) heaved and shook; the foundations (môsâdâh, מוסדות) of the sky trembled.  They heaved because he was angry.

2 Samuel 22:8 (Septuagint BLB)

2 Kings 22:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐταράχθη καὶ ἐσείσθη ἡ γῆ καὶ τὰ θεμέλια τοῦ οὐρανοῦ συνεταράχθησαν καὶ ἐσπαράχθησαν ὅτι ἐθυμώθη κύριος αὐτοῗς καὶ ἐταράχθη καὶ ἐσείσθη ἡ γῆ, καὶ τὰ θεμέλια τοῦ οὐρανοῦ συνεταράχθησαν καὶ ἐσπαράχθησαν, ὅτι ἐθυμώθη Κύριος αὐτοῖς

2 Reigns 22:8 (NETS)

2 Kings 22:8 (English Elpenor)

And the earth was stirred up and quaked, and the foundations of the sky were conunded and torn apart, because the Lord was angrywith them. And the earth was troubled and quaked, and the foundations of heaven were confounded and torn asunder, because the Lord was wroth with them.

Psalm 18:7 (Tanakh)

Psalm 18:7 (KJV)

Psalm 18:7 (NET)

Then the earth (הָאָ֗רֶץ) shook and trembled; the foundations (וּמֽוֹסְדֵ֣י) also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. Then the earth (הארץ) shook and trembled; the foundations (ומוסדי) also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. The earth (ʼerets, הארץ) heaved and shook; the roots (môsâdâh, ומוסדי) of the mountains trembled; they heaved because he was angry.

Psalm 18:7 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 17:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐσαλεύθη καὶ ἔντρομος ἐγενήθη ἡ γῆ καὶ τὰ θεμέλια τῶν ὀρέων ἐταράχθησαν καὶ ἐσαλεύθησαν ὅτι ὠργίσθη αὐτοῗς ὁ θεός καὶ ἐσαλεύθη καὶ ἔντρομος ἐγενήθη ἡ γῆ, καὶ τὰ θεμέλια τῶν ὀρέων ἐταράχθησαν καὶ ἐσαλεύθησαν, ὅτι ὠργίσθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεός

Psalm 17:8 (NETS)

Psalm 17:8 (English Elpenor)

And the earth shook and was atremble, and the foundations of the mountains were disturbed and shook, because God was angry wth them. Then the earth shook and quaked, and the foundations of the mountains were disturbed, and were shaken, because God was angry with them.

Psalm 82:5 (Tanakh)

Psalm 82:5 (KJV)

Psalm 82:5 (NET)

They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations (מ֥וֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אָֽרֶץ) are out of course. They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations (מוסדי) of the earth (ארץ) are out of course. They neither know nor understand. They stumble around in the dark, while all the foundations (môsâdâh, מוסדי) of the earth (ʼerets, ארץ) crumble.

Psalm 82:5 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 81:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οὐδὲ συνῆκαν ἐν σκότει διαπορεύονται σαλευθήσονται πάντα τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οὐδὲ συνῆκαν, ἐν σκότει διαπορεύονται· σαλευθήσονται πάντα τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς

Psalm 81:5 (NETS)

Psalm 81:5 (English Elpenor)

They had neither knowledge nor understanding; in darkness they walk around; all the foundations of the earth will be shaken. They know not, nor understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth shall be shaken.

Isaiah 24:18 (Tanakh)

Isaiah 24:18 (KJV)

Isaiah 24:18 (NET)

And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations (מ֥וֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אָֽרֶץ) do shake. And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations (מוסדי) of the earth (ארץ) do shake. The one who runs away from the sound of the terror will fall into the pit; the one who climbs out of the pit, will be trapped by the snare. For the floodgates of the heavens are opened up and the foundations (môsâdâh, מוסדי) of the earth (ʼerets, ארץ) shake.

Isaiah 24:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 24:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται ὁ φεύγων τὸν φόβον ἐμπεσεῗται εἰς τὸν βόθυνον ὁ δὲ ἐκβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ βοθύνου ἁλώσεται ὑπὸ τῆς παγίδος ὅτι θυρίδες ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἠνεῴχθησαν καὶ σεισθήσεται τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς καὶ ἔσται ὁ φεύγων τὸν φόβον ἐμπεσεῖται εἰς τὸν βόθυνον, ὁ δὲ ἐκβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ βοθύνου ἁλώσεται ὑπὸ τῆς παγίδος, ὅτι θυρίδες ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἠνεῴχθησαν, καὶ σεισθήσεται τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς

Isaiah 24:18 (NETS)

Isaiah 24:18 (English Elpenor)

And it shall be that the one who flees from the fear shall fall into the pit, and the one who gets out of the pit shall be caught by the snare, because windows have been opened out of heaven, and the foundations of the earth will be shaken. And it shall come to pass, [that] he that flees from the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that comes up out of the pit shall be caught by the snare: for windows have been opened in heaven, and the foundations of the earth shall be shaken,
Isaiah 40:21 (Tanakh) Isaiah 40:21 (KJV)

Isaiah 40:21 (NET)

Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations (מֽוֹסְד֖וֹת) of the earth (הָאָֽרֶץ)? Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations (מוסדות) of the earth (הארץ)? Do you not know?  Do you not hear?  Has it not been told to you since the very beginning?  Have you not understood from the time the earth’s (ʼerets, הארץ) foundations (môsâdâh, מוסדות) were made?
Isaiah 40:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Isaiah 40:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐ γνώσεσθε οὐκ ἀκούσεσθε οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑμῗν οὐκ ἔγνωτε τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς οὐ γνώσεσθε; οὐκ ἀκούσεσθε; οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑμῖν; οὐκ ἔγνωτε τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς

Isaiah 40:21 (NETS)

Isaiah 40:21 (English Elpenor)

Will you not know?  Will you not hear?  Has it not been declared to you from the beginning?  Have you not known the foundations of the earth? Will ye not know? will ye not hear? has it not been told you of old?  Have ye not known the foundations of the earth?

Micah 6:2 (Tanakh)

Micah 6:2 (KJV)

Micah 6:2 (NET)

Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD’s controversy, and ye strong foundations (מֹ֣סְדֵי) of the earth (אָ֑רֶץ): for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel. Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD’S controversy, and ye strong foundations (מסדי) of the earth (ארץ): for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel. Hear the Lord’s accusation, you mountains, you enduring foundations (môsâdâh, מסדי) of the earth (ʼerets, ארץ)!  For the Lord has a case against his people; he has a dispute with Israel!

Micah 6:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Micah 6:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἀκούσατε βουνοί τὴν κρίσιν τοῦ κυρίου καὶ αἱ φάραγγες θεμέλια τῆς γῆς ὅτι κρίσις τῷ κυρίῳ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ μετὰ τοῦ Ισραηλ διελεγχθήσεται ἀκούσατε ὄρη, τὴν κρίσιν τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ αἱ φάραγγες θεμέλια τῆς γῆς, ὅτι κρίσις τῷ Κυρίῳ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ μετὰ τοῦ ᾿Ισραὴλ διελεγχθήσεται

Micah 6:2 (NETS)

Micah 6:2 (English Elpenor)

Hear, you peoples, the judgment of the Lord, and you chasms, foundations of the earth, because the Lord has a case against his people, and he will dispute with Israel. Hear ye, O mountains, the controversy of the Lord, and [ye] valleys [even] the foundations of the earth: for the Lord [has] a controversy with his people, and will plead with Israel.

Jeremiah 31:37 (Tanakh)

Jeremiah 31:37 (KJV)

Jeremiah 31:37 (NET)

Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations (מֽוֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אֶ֖רֶץ) searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD. Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations (מוסדי) of the earth (ארץ) searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD. The Lord says, “I will not reject all the descendants of Israel because of all that they have done. That could only happen if the heavens above could be measured or the foundations (môsâdâh, מוסדי) of the earth (ʼerets, ארץ) below could all be explored,” says the Lord.

Jeremiah 31:35 (Septuagint BLB)

Jeremiah 38:35 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐὰν ὑψωθῇ ὁ οὐρανὸς εἰς τὸ μετέωρον φησὶν κύριος καὶ ἐὰν ταπεινωθῇ τὸ ἔδαφος τῆς γῆς κάτω καὶ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀποδοκιμῶ τὸ γένος Ισραηλ φησὶν κύριος περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησαν ᾿Εὰν ὑψωθῇ ὁ οὐρανὸς εἰς τὸ μετέωρον, φησὶ Κύριος, καὶ ἐὰν ταπεινωθῇ τὸ ἔδαφος τῆς γῆς κάτω, καὶ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀποδοκιμῶ τὸ γένος ᾿Ισραήλ, φησὶ Κύριος, περὶ πάντων, ὧν ἐποίησαν.

Jeremiah 38:35 (NETS)

Jeremiah 38:37 (English Elpenor)

If the sky be elevated to midair, quoth the Lord, and if the floor of the earth be brought low, even then I will not reject the race of Israel, quoth the Lord, because of all they have done. Though the sky should be raised to a [greater] height, saith the Lord, and though the ground of the earth should be sunk [lower] beneath, yet I will not cast off the family of Israel, saith the Lord, for all that they have done.

Proverbs 8:29 (Tanakh)

Proverbs 8:29 (KJV)

Proverbs 8:29 (NET)

When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations (מ֣וֹסְדֵי) of the earth (אָֽרֶץ): When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations (מוסדי) of the earth (ארץ): when he gave the sea his decree that the waters should not pass over his command, when he marked out the foundations (môsâdâh, מוסדי) of the earth (ʼerets, ארץ),

Proverbs 8:29 (Septuagint BLB)

Proverbs 8:29 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἰσχυρὰ ἐποίει τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς καὶ ἰσχυρὰ ἐποίει τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς

Proverbs 8:29 (NETS)

Proverbs 8:29 (English Elpenor)

when he made strong the foundations of the earth, and when he strengthened the foundations of the earth:

1 Chronicles 17:11 (Tanakh)

1 Chronicles 17:11 (KJV)

1 Chronicles 17:11 (NET)

And it shall come to pass, when thy days be expired that thou must go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons; and I will establish his kingdom. And it shall come to pass, when thy days be expired that thou must go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons; and I will establish his kingdom. When the time comes for you to die, I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom.

1 Chronicles 17:11 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Chronicles 17:11 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἔσται ὅταν πληρωθῶσιν αἱ ἡμέραι σου καὶ κοιμηθήσῃ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων σου καὶ ἀναστήσω τὸ σπέρμα σου μετὰ σέ ὃς ἔσται ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας σου καὶ ἑτοιμάσω τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσται ὅταν πληρωθῶσιν ἡμέραι σου καὶ κοιμηθήσῃ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων σου, καὶ ἀναστήσω τὸ σπέρμα σου μετὰ σέ, ὃς ἔσται ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας σου, καὶ ἑτοιμάσω τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ

1 Supplements 17:11 (NETS)

1 Chronicles 17:11 (English Elpenor)

And it shall be, when your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, also I will raise up your seed after you, he who shall be from your belly, and I will establish his kingdom. And it shall come to pass when thy days shall be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom.

1 Chronicles 17:12 (Tanakh)

1 Chronicles 17:12 (KJV)

1 Chronicles 17:12 (NET)

He shall build me an house, and I will stablish his throne (כִּסְא֖וֹ) for ever. He will be the builder of my house, and I will make the seat of his authority (כסאו) certain for ever. He will build me a house, and I will make his dynasty (kissêʼ, כסאו) permanent.

1 Chronicles 17:12 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Chronicles 17:12 (Septuagint Elpenor)

αὐτὸς οἰκοδομήσει μοι οἶκον καὶ ἀνορθώσω τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ ἕως αἰῶνος αὐτὸς οἰκοδομήσει μοι οἶκον, καὶ ἀνορθώσω τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ ἕως αἰῶνος

1 Supplements 17:12 (NETS)

1 Chronicles 17:12 (English Elpenor)

It is he who shall build me a house, and I will set up his throne forever. He shall build me a house, and I will set up his throne for ever.

1 Chronicles 17:13 (Tanakh)

1 Chronicles 17:13 (KJV)

1 Chronicles 17:13 (NET)

I will be his father, and he shall be my son: and I will not take my mercy away from him, as I took it from him that was before thee: I will be his father, and he shall be my son: and I will not take my mercy away from him, as I took it from him that was before thee: I will become his father and he will become my son. I will never withhold my loyal love from him, as I withheld it from the one who ruled before you.

1 Chronicles 17:13 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Chronicles 17:13 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ εἰς πατέρα καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι εἰς υἱόν καὶ τὸ ἔλεός μου οὐκ ἀποστήσω ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀπέστησα ἀπὸ τῶν ὄντων ἔμπροσθέν σου ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ εἰς πατέρα, καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι εἰς υἱόν· καὶ τὸ ἔλεός μου οὐκ ἀποστήσω ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀπέστησα ἀπὸ τῶν ὄντων ἔμπροσθέν σου

1 Supplements 17:13 (NETS)

1 Chronicles 17:13 (English Elpenor)

I will be a father to him, and he shall be a son to me.  And I will not withdraw my mercy from him as I withdrew it from those before you. I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son: and my mercy will I not withdraw from him, as I withdrew [it] from them that were before thee.

1 Chronicles 17:14 (Tanakh)

1 Chronicles 17:14 (KJV)

1 Chronicles 17:14 (NET)

But I will settle him in mine house and in my kingdom for ever: and his throne (וְכִסְא֕וֹ) shall be established for evermore. But I will settle him in mine house and in my kingdom for ever: and his throne (וכסאו) shall be established for evermore. I will put him in permanent charge of my house and my kingdom; his dynasty (kissêʼ, וכסאו) will be permanent.

1 Chronicles 17:14 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Chronicles 17:14 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ πιστώσω αὐτὸν ἐν οἴκῳ μου καὶ ἐν βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ ἕως αἰῶνος καὶ ὁ θρόνος αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἀνωρθωμένος ἕως αἰῶνος καὶ πιστώσω αὐτὸν ἐν οἴκῳ μου καὶ ἐν βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ ἕως αἰῶνος, καὶ ὁ θρόνος αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἀνωρθωμένος ἕως αἰῶνος

1 Supplements 17:14 (NETS)

1 Chronicles 17:14 (English Elpenor)

And I will confirm him in my house and in his reign forever.  And his throne shall be established forever. And I will establish him in my house and in his kingdom for ever; and his throne shall be set up for ever.

Hebrews 13:21 (NET)

Hebrews 13:21 (KJV)

equip you with every good thing to do his will, working in us what is pleasing before him through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever.  Amen. Make you perfect in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is wellpleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory for ever and ever.  Amen.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς ἐν παντὶ ἀγαθῷ εἰς τὸ ποιῆσαι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ, ποιῶν ἐν ἡμῖν τὸ εὐάρεστον ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας  ἀμήν καταρτισαι υμας εν παντι εργω αγαθω εις το ποιησαι το θελημα αυτου ποιων εν υμιν το ευαρεστον ενωπιον αυτου δια ιησου χριστου ω η δοξα εις τους αιωνας των αιωνων αμην καταρτισαι υμας εν παντι εργω αγαθω εις το ποιησαι το θελημα αυτου ποιων εν υμιν το ευαρεστον ενωπιον αυτου δια ιησου χριστου ω η δοξα εις τους αιωνας των αιωνων αμην

Luke 1:32 (NET)

Luke 1:32 (KJV)

He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οὗτος ἔσται μέγας καὶ υἱὸς ὑψίστου κληθήσεται καὶ δώσει αὐτῷ κύριος ὁ θεὸς τὸν θρόνον Δαυὶδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ουτος εσται μεγας και υιος υψιστου κληθησεται και δωσει αυτω κυριος ο θεος τον θρονον δαβιδ του πατρος αυτου ουτος εσται μεγας και υιος υψιστου κληθησεται και δωσει αυτω κυριος ο θεος τον θρονον δαυιδ του πατρος αυτου

[1] Genesis 11:8 (Tanakh)

[2] Judges 5:6 (Tanakh)

[3] Judges 5:7 (Tanakh)

[4] Judges 15:7 (Tanakh) אֶחְדָּֽל

[5] John 17:3 (NET)

[6] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εργω (KJV: work) here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[7] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἡμῖν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had υμιν (KJV: you).

[8] The Stephanus Textus Receptus, Byzantine Majority Text and NA28 had αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων (KJV: for ever and ever) here.  The NET parallel Greek text had simply αἰῶνας.

[9] Hebrews 13:20, 21 (NET)

[10] 1 Samuel 14:5 (Tanakh)

[11] 2 Samuel 22:16 (Tanakh)

[12] 2 Kings 22:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)

[13] Deuteronomy 32:22 (Tanakh)

[14] Deuteronomy 32:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

[15] 2 Samuel 22:8 (Tanakh)

[16] 2 Kings 22:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

[17] Psalm 18:7 (Tanakh)

[18] Psalm 17:8 (Septuagint Elpenor)

[19] Psalm 82:5 (Tanakh)

[20] Psalm 81:5 (Septuagint Elpenor)

[21] Jeremiah 31:37 (Tanakh)

[22] Jeremiah 38:37 (Septuagint Elpenor)

[23] Who Am I? Part 10

[24] Who Am I? Part 10

[25] In the NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text David was spelled Δαυὶδ, and δαβιδ in the Stephanus Textus Receptus.

[26] Luke 1:30-33 (NET)

Hannah’s Prayer, Part 2

Hannah’s prayer continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:3 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:3 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:3 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:3 (Elpenor English)

Multiply not exceeding proud talk; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth; for HaShem is a G-d of knowledge, and by Him actions are weighed. Don’t keep speaking so arrogantly.  Proud talk should not come out of your mouth!  For the Lord is a God who knows; he evaluates what people do. “Boast not, and speak not lofty things; let not big talking come from your mouth, because the Lord is a god of knowledge, and a god who prepares his own ways. Boast not, and utter not high things; let not high-sounding words come out of your mouth, for the Lord [is] a God of knowledge, and God prepares his own designs.

In another essay I wrote, “From now on I’ll include the text of the KJV since differences might be very instructive.”  Here (Table1 below) I have that difference but it will take someone with more knowledge of Hebrew than I have to evaluate the relative merits of translating not (ʼal, אַל) multiply (râbâh, תַּרְבּ֚וּ) no more.  And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply (râbâh, ורבו), and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply (râbâh, ירב) in the earth.[1]  Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more (râbâh, מרבה; Tanakh: many) feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination.[2]

To my ear the more of more feet is different conceptually from that of no more, but I won’t quibble about it.  The difference in the translation of the Septuagint brings me some clarity.  Rather than not multiply, the rabbis chose (Table2 below) not (μὴ) boast (καυχᾶσθε).  It occurs to me, since not boast is so “on-the-nose,” that the translators thought not multiply in Hebrew was too idiomatic for Greek.

To throw up is a common idiom in American English.  But translating the words throw and up literally into another language won’t necessarily conjure an image in the hearer’s mind of someone kneeling before a toilet, vomiting into it.  Perhaps the KJV translators thought not multiply was too idiomatic for an English translation, too.  The phrase no more, while less “on-the-nose” than not boast, still retains some of the flavor of not multiply.  All of this attention to detail has me wondering if Hannah’s words—my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies[3]—should be understood as confession rather than as a model of rejoicing to be emulated.

What really exercised me here (Table2 below) was and God prepares his own designs (NETS: “ways”).  I was immediately reminded of, For we are his creative work, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works that God prepared beforehand so we can do them.[4]  At first blush the translation from Hebrew—and by Him actions are weighed (Tanakh, KJV)—seemed completely different.  I made a table of all occurrences of עללות (ʽălı̂ylâh) in the Old Testament, the Hebrew word translated actions (Tanakh, KJV), along with its Greek translation in the Septuagint.

Reference

NET Parallel Hebrew Chabad.org Tanakh NET Septuagint (BLB)

Septuagint (Elpenor)

Deuteronomy 22:14 עלילת (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִילֹ֣ת wanton charges impropriety προφασιστικοὺς προφασιστικοὺς
Deuteronomy 22:17 עלילת (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִילֹ֨ת wanton charges impropriety προφασιστικοὺς προφασιστικοὺς
1 Samuel 2:3 עללות (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִלֽוֹת actions what people do ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐπιτηδεύματα
1 Chronicles 16:8 עלילתיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִילֹתָֽיו deeds accomplishments ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐπιτηδεύματα
Psalm 9:11 (12) עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו doings what he has done ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐπιτηδεύματα
Psalm 14:1 (13:1) עלילה (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲ֜לִילָ֗ה works deeds ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἐπιτηδεύμασιν
Psalm 66:5 (65:5) עלילה (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲ֜לִילָ֗ה doing acts βουλαῗς βουλαῖς
Psalm 77:12 (77:13; 76:13) ובעלילותיך (ʽălı̂ylâh) וּבַֽעֲלִ֖ילוֹתֶ֣יךָ doings deeds ἐπιτηδεύμασίν ἐπιτηδεύμασί
Psalm 78:11 (77:11) עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑יו works what he had done εὐεργεσιῶν εὐεργεσιῶν
Psalm 99:8 (98:8) עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽם inventions sinful deeds ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐπιτηδεύματα
Psalm 103:7 (102:7) עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילוֹתָיו acts deeds θελήματα θελήματα
Psalm 105:1 (104:1) עלילותיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו deeds accomplishments ἔργα ἔργα
Psalm 141:4 עללות (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִל֨וֹת works activities προφάσεις προφάσεις
Isaiah 12:4 עלילתיו (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילֹתָ֑יו doings mighty acts ἔνδοξα ἔνδοξα
Ezekiel 14:22 עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם doings deeds ἐνθυμήματα ἐνθυμήματα
Ezekiel 14:23 עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם doings deeds ἐνθυμήματα ἐνθυμήματα
Ezekiel 20:43 עלילותיכם (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִיל֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם doings deeds ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐπιτηδεύματα
Ezekiel 20:44 וכעלילותיכם (ʽălı̂ylâh) וְכַֽעֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֚ם doings deeds ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐπιτηδεύματα
Ezekiel 21:24 (21:29) עלילותיכם (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם doings actions ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἐπιτηδεύμασιν
Ezekiel 24:14 וכעלילותיך (ʽălı̂ylâh) וְכַֽעֲלִֽילוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ doings deeds ἐνθυμήματά ἐνθυμήματά
Ezekiel 36:17 ובעלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) וּבַֽעֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם doings deeds εἰδώλοις εἰδώλοις
Ezekiel 36:19 וכעלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) וְכַֽעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם doings deeds ἁμαρτίαν ἁμαρτίαν
Zephaniah 3:7 עלילותם (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִילוֹתָֽם doings did ἐπιφυλλὶς ἐπιφυλλὶς
Zephaniah 3:11 עלילתיך (ʽălı̂ylâh) עֲלִ֣ילֹתַ֔יִךְ doings actions (footnote 38) ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἐπιτηδευμάτων

This exercise persuaded me that the Greek was not that different from the Hebrew.  The real issue was whether the actions, designs or ways God weighed, evaluates or prepares are his or mine/Israel’s.  While the Septuagint committed to his own, the NET claimed he evaluates what people do.  This contrast made me realize how noncommittal the translation of the Tanakh and KJV actually were: and by Him actions are weighed.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Ezekiel 36:16,17 (Tanakh) Ezekiel 36:16, 17 (NET) Ezekiel 36:16, 17 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:16, 17 (Elpenor English)

Moreover the word of the LORD (יְהֹוָ֖ה) came unto me, saying, The Lord’s (yehôvâh, יהוה) message came to me: And a word of the Lord came to me, saying: And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman. “Son of man, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it by their behavior and their deeds.  In my sight their behavior was like the uncleanness of a woman having her monthly period. Son of man, the house of Israel lived on their land, and they defiled it with their way and with their idols and with their unclean acts; their way became before me like the uncleanness of a woman sitting apart. Son of man, the house of Israel dwelt upon their land, and defiled it by their way, and with their idols, and with their uncleannesses; and their way was before me like the uncleanness of a removed woman.

Here the LORD (yehôvâh, יְהֹוָ֖ה) clearly evaluated what the people of Israel did.  Then He responded appropriately:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Ezekiel 36:18, 19 (Tanakh) Ezekiel 36:18, 19 (NET) Ezekiel 36:18, 19 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:19, 19 (Elpenor English)

Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: So I poured my anger on them because of the blood they shed on the land and because of the idols with which they defiled it. And I poured out my wrath upon them So I poured out my wrath upon them:
And I scattered them among the heathen (בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם), and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. I scattered them among the nations (gôy, בגוים); they were dispersed throughout foreign countries.  In accordance with their behavior and their deeds I judged them. And scattered them into the nations (ἔθνη, a form of ἔθνος) and winnowed them into the countries; in accordance with their way and their sin I judged them. and I dispersed them among the nations (ἔθνη), and utterly scattered them through the countries: I judged them according to their way and according to their sin.

In other words, if they wanted to behave like the heathen, He gave them the opportunity to experience the heathen firsthand.  But He also evaluated the consequences of his own actions:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (Tanakh) Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (NET) Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:20, 21 (Elpenor English)

And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name.  It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’ And they came into the nations, there where they entered, and they profaned my holy name when it was said of them, “These are a people of the Lord, and they have gone out of his land.” And they went in among the nations, among which they went, and they profaned my holy name, while it was said of them, These are the people of the Lord, and they came forth out of his land.
But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went. I was concerned for my holy reputation which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went. And I considered them because of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, there where they entered. but I spared them for the sake of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, among whom they went.

When he had pity for his holy name, He responded appropriately again:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (Tanakh) Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NET) Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (Elpenor English)

Therefore say unto the house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name’s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation which you profaned among the nations where you went. Therefore, say to the house of Israel, This is what the Lord says: I do not act for you, O house of Israel, but rather on account of my holy name, which you profaned among the nations, there where you entered. Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord; I do not this, O house of Israel, for your sakes, but because of my holy name, which ye have profaned among the nations, among whom ye went.
And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. I will magnify my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them.  The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the Sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight. And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which you profaned in their midst, and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am hallowed among you before their eyes. And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which ye profaned in the midst of them; and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am sanctified among you before their eyes.

How does the Lord (ʼădônây, אֲדֹנָ֣י) God (yehôvih, יֱהֹוִ֔ה) sanctify his great name, when [He] shall be sanctified in [Israel] before [the heathen’s] eyes?

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Ezekiel 36:27 (Tanakh) Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NET) Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:22, 23 (Elpenor English)

And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. I will put my Spirit within you; I will take the initiative and you will obey my statutes and carefully observe my regulations. And I will give my spirit in you and will act so that you walk in my statutes and keep my judgments and perform them. And I will put my Spirit in you, and will cause you to walk in mine ordinances, and to keep my judgments, and do [them].

“Therefore,” Peter concluded in Jerusalem on Pentecost, “let all the house of Israel know beyond a doubt that God has made this Jesus whom you crucified both Lord and Christ” (Acts 2:36-39 NET Table).

Now when they heard this, they were acutely distressed and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “What should we do, brothers?”  Peter said to them, “Repent, and each one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.  For the promise is for you and your children, and for all who are far away, as many as the Lord our God will call to himself.”

Should a heathen such as I am (but for the grace of God) trust in his own ability to be righteous and risk profaning God’s great name again?  So then, my dear friends, Paul wrote believers in Philippi, just as you have always obeyed (ὑπηκούσατε, a form of ὑπακούω), not only in my presence but even more in my absence, continue working out your salvation with awe (φόβου, a form of φόβος) and reverence (τρόμου, a form of τρόμος), for the one bringing forth in you both the desire and the effort – for the sake of his good pleasure – is God.[5]

Jesus spoke to them again in parables, saying (Matthew 22:1-14 NET):

“The kingdom of heaven can be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son.  He sent his slaves to summon those who had been invited to the banquet, but they would not come.  Again he sent other slaves, saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Look!  The feast I have prepared[6] for you is ready.  My oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready.  Come to the wedding banquet.”’  But they were indifferent and went away, one[7] to his farm, another[8] to[9] his business.  The rest seized his slaves, insolently mistreated them, and killed them.  The[10] king[11] was furious!  He sent his soldiers, and they put those murderers to death and set their city on fire.  Then he said to his slaves, ‘The wedding is ready, but the ones who had been invited were not worthy.  So go into the main streets and invite everyone[12] you find to the wedding banquet.’  And those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all they[13] found, both bad (πονηρούς, a form of πονηρός) and good (ἀγαθούς, a form of ἀγαθός), and the wedding hall was filled with guests.  But when the king came in to see the wedding guests, he saw a man there who was not wearing (ἐνδεδυμένον, a form of ἐνδύω) wedding clothes (ἔνδυμα).  And he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you get in here without wedding clothes (ἔνδυμα)?’  But he had nothing to say.  Then the king said to his attendants, ‘Tie him up hand and foot and[14] throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth!’  For many are called, but few are chosen.”

Paul described the wedding clothes provided by the bridegroom’s father: You were taught with reference to your former way of life to lay aside the old man who is being corrupted in accordance with deceitful desires, to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and to put on (ἐνδύσασθαι, another form of ἐνδύω) the new man who has been created in God’s image – in righteousness and holiness that comes from truth.[15]  And again, But now, put off all such things as anger, rage, malice, slander, abusive language from your mouth.  Do not lie to one another since you have put off the old man with its practices and have been clothed (ἐνδυσάμενοι, another form of ἐνδύω) with the new man that is being renewed in knowledge according to the image of the one who created it.  Here there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all and in all.[16]

So while the translations of the Tanakh and KJV—and by Him actions (e.g., the actions of God and people) are weighed—are probably more accurate to the Hebrew, I am grateful to the Christians[17] who translated the Septuagint.  It seems that both ways (NETS) and designs (Elpenor) were more discretionary than obligatory translations of ἐπιτηδεύματα.

Reference

Septuagint (BLB) NETS Septuagint (Elphenor)

Septuagint (English Elpenor)

1 Samuel 2:3 ἐπιτηδεύματα ways ἐπιτηδεύματα designs
1 Chronicles (Supplements) 16:8 ἐπιτηδεύματα practices ἐπιτηδεύματα designs
Psalm 99:8 (98:8) ἐπιτηδεύματα practices ἐπιτηδεύματα devices
Ezekiel 20:43 ἐπιτηδεύματα practices ἐπιτηδεύματα devices
Ezekiel 20:44 ἐπιτηδεύματα practices ἐπιτηδεύματα devices

Still, those translations got this heathen—one of the bad people gathered to the wedding feast after the invited guests declined their invitations—thinking much more deeply about Hannah’s prayer than he might have otherwise.

Tables comparing 1 Samuel 2:3; Genesis 1:22; Leviticus 11:42; Ezekiel 36:16; 36:17; 36:18; 36:19; 36:20; 36:21; 36:22; 36:23 and 36:27 in the Tanakh and NET, and tables comparing 1 Samuel (Reigns, Kings) 2:3; Genesis 1:22; Leviticus 11:42; Ezekiel 36:16; 36:17; 36:18; 36:19; 36:20; 36:21; 36:22; 36:23 and 36:27 in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following those are tables comparing Matthew 22:4, 5; 22:7; 22:9, 10 and 22:13 in the NET and KJV.

1 Samuel 2:3 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:3 (KJV)

1 Samuel 2:3 (NET)

Multiply not exceeding proud talk; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth; for HaShem is a G-d of knowledge, and by Him actions are weighed. Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. Don’t keep speaking so arrogantly.  Proud talk should not come out of your mouth!  For the Lord is a God who knows; he evaluates what people do.

1 Samuel 2:3 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

μὴ καυχᾶσθε καὶ μὴ λαλεῗτε ὑψηλά μὴ ἐξελθάτω μεγαλορρημοσύνη ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν ὅτι θεὸς γνώσεων κύριος καὶ θεὸς ἑτοιμάζων ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτοῦ μὴ καυχᾶσθε, καὶ μὴ λαλεῖτε ὑψηλά, μὴ ἐξελθέτω μεγαλορρημοσύνη ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν, ὅτι Θεὸς γνώσεων Κύριος καὶ Θεὸς ἑτοιμάζων ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτοῦ

1 Reigns 2:3 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:3 (English Elpenor)

“Boast not, and speak not lofty things; let not big talking come from your mouth, because the Lord is a god of knowledge, and a god who prepares his own ways. Boast not, and utter not high things; let not high-sounding words come out of your mouth, for the Lord [is] a God of knowledge, and God prepares his own designs.

Genesis 1:22 (Tanakh)

Genesis 1:22 (KJV)

Genesis 1:22 (NET)

And G-d blessed them, saying: ‘Be fruitful, and multiply (וּרְב֗וּ), and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply (יִ֥רֶב) in the earth’. And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply (ורבו), and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply (ירב) in the earth. God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and multiply (ורבו) and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds multiply (ירב) on the earth.”

Genesis 1:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 1:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ηὐλόγησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεὸς λέγων αὐξάνεσθε καὶ πληθύνεσθε καὶ πληρώσατε τὰ ὕδατα ἐν ταῗς θαλάσσαις καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ πληθυνέσθωσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτὰ ὁ Θεός, λέγων· αὐξάνεσθε καὶ πληθύνεσθε καὶ πληρώσατε τὰ ὕδατα ἐν ταῖς θαλάσσαις, καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ πληθυνέσθωσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς

Genesis 1:22 (NETS)

Genesis 1:22 (English Elpenor)

And God blessed them, saying, “Increase, and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth. And God blessed them saying, Increase and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let the creatures that fly be multiplied on the earth.

Leviticus 11:42 (Tanakh)

Leviticus 11:42 (KJV)

Leviticus 11:42 (NET)

Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours, or whatsoever hath many (מַרְבֵּ֣ה) feet, even all swarming things that swarm upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are a detestable thing. Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more (מרבה) feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination. You must not eat anything that crawls on its belly or anything that walks on all fours or on any number (מרבה) of legs of all the swarming things that swarm on the land, because they are detestable.

Leviticus 11:42 (Septuagint BLB)

Leviticus 11:42 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ κοιλίας καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ τέσσαρα διὰ παντός ὃ πολυπληθεῗ ποσὶν ἐν πᾶσιν τοῗς ἑρπετοῗς τοῗς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐ φάγεσθε αὐτό ὅτι βδέλυγμα ὑμῗν ἐστιν καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ κοιλίας καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ τέσσαρα διαπαντός, ὃ πολυπληθεῖ ποσὶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, οὐ φάγεσθε αὐτό, ὅτι βδέλυγμα ὑμῖν ἐστι

Leviticus 11:42 (NETS)

Leviticus 11:42 (English Elpenor)

And whatever moves on its belly and whatever moves on four legs at all times, whatever has many feet among all the creeping things that creep upon the earth, you shall not eat it, for it is an abomination to you. And God blessed them saying, Increase and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let the creatures that fly be multiplied on the earth.

Ezekiel 36:16 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:16 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:16 (NET)

Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, The Lord’s message came to me:

Ezekiel 36:16 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:16 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρός με λέγων

Ezekiel 36:16 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:16 (English Elpenor)

And a word of the Lord came to me, saying: And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

Ezekiel 36:17 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:17 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:17 (NET)

Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman. Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman. “Son of man, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it by their behavior and their deeds.  In my sight their behavior was like the uncleanness of a woman having her monthly period.

Ezekiel 36:17 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:17 (Septuagint Elpenor)

υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου οἶκος Ισραηλ κατῴκησεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμίαναν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν τοῗς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν ταῗς ἀκαθαρσίαις αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν τῆς ἀποκαθημένης ἐγενήθη ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτῶν πρὸ προσώπου μου υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, οἶκος ᾿Ισραὴλ κατῴκησεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμίαναν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀκαθαρσίαις αὐτῶν· κατὰ τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν τῆς ἀποκαθημένης ἐγενήθη ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτῶν πρὸ προσώπου μου

Ezekiel 36:17 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:17 (English Elpenor)

Son of man, the house of Israel lived on their land, and they defiled it with their way and with their idols and with their unclean acts; their way became before me like the uncleanness of a woman sitting apart. Son of man, the house of Israel dwelt upon their land, and defiled it by their way, and with their idols, and with their uncleannesses; and their way was before me like the uncleanness of a removed woman.

Ezekiel 36:18 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:18 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:18 (NET)

Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: So I poured my anger on them because of the blood they shed on the land and because of the idols with which they defiled it.

Ezekiel 36:18 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:18 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐξέχεα τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐξέχεα τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς

Ezekiel 36:18 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:18 (English Elpenor)

And I poured out my wrath upon them So I poured out my wrath upon them:

Ezekiel 36:19 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:19 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:19 (NET)

And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed throughout foreign countries.  In accordance with their behavior and their deeds I judged them.

Ezekiel 36:19 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:19 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ διέσπειρα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη καὶ ἐλίκμησα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς χώρας κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν ἔκρινα αὐτούς καὶ διέσπειρα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη καὶ ἐλίκμησα αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς χώρας· κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν ἔκρινα αὐτούς

Ezekiel 36:19 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:19 (English Elpenor)

And scattered them into the nations and winnowed them into the countries; in accordance with their way and their sin I judged them. and I dispersed them among the nations, and utterly scattered them through the countries: I judged them according to their way and according to their sin.

Ezekiel 36:20 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:20 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:20 (NET)

And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name.  It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’

Ezekiel 36:20 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:20 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἰσήλθοσαν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῗ καὶ ἐβεβήλωσαν τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ἐν τῷ λέγεσθαι αὐτούς λαὸς κυρίου οὗτοι καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ ἐξεληλύθασιν καὶ εἰσήλθοσαν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῖ, καὶ ἐβεβήλωσαν τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ἐν τῷ λέγεσθαι αὐτούς· λαὸς Κυρίου οὗτοι καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ ἐξεληλύθασι

Ezekiel 36:20 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:20 (English Elpenor)

And they came into the nations, there where they entered, and they profaned my holy name when it was said of them, “These are a people of the Lord, and they have gone out of his land.” And they went in among the nations, among which they went, and they profaned my holy name, while it was said of them, These are the people of the Lord, and they came forth out of his land.

Ezekiel 36:21 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:21 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:21 (NET)

But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went. But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went. I was concerned for my holy reputation which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went.

Ezekiel 36:21 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:21 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἐφεισάμην αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ὃ ἐβεβήλωσαν οἶκος Ισραηλ ἐν τοῗς ἔθνεσιν οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῗ καὶ ἐφεισάμην αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον, ὃ ἐβεβήλωσαν οἶκος ᾿Ισραὴλ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῖ

Ezekiel 36:21 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:21 (English Elpenor)

And I considered them because of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, there where they entered. but I spared them for the sake of my holy name, which the house of Israel profaned among the nations, among whom they went.

Ezekiel 36:22 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:22 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:22 (NET)

Therefore say unto the house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name’s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name’s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation which you profaned among the nations where you went.

Ezekiel 36:22 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:22 (Septuagint Elpenor)

διὰ τοῦτο εἰπὸν τῷ οἴκῳ Ισραηλ τάδε λέγει κύριος οὐχ ὑμῗν ἐγὼ ποιῶ οἶκος Ισραηλ ἀλλ᾽ ἢ διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν τοῗς ἔθνεσιν οὗ εἰσήλθετε ἐκεῗ διὰ τοῦτο εἰπὸν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾿Ισραήλ· τάδε λέγει Κύριος· οὐχ ὑμῖν ἐγὼ ποιῶ, οἶκος ᾿Ισραήλ, ἀλλ’ ἢ διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον, ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, οὗ εἰσήλθετε ἐκε

Ezekiel 36:22 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:22 (English Elpenor)

Therefore, say to the house of Israel, This is what the Lord says: I do not act for you, O house of Israel, but rather on account of my holy name, which you profaned among the nations, there where you entered. Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord; I do not this, O house of Israel, for your sakes, but because of my holy name, which ye have profaned among the nations, among whom ye went.

Ezekiel 36:23 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:23 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:23 (NET)

And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. I will magnify my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them.  The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the Sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight.

Ezekiel 36:23 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:23 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ ἁγιάσω τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ μέγα τὸ βεβηλωθὲν ἐν τοῗς ἔθνεσιν ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν καὶ γνώσονται τὰ ἔθνη ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ἐν τῷ ἁγιασθῆναί με ἐν ὑμῗν κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ ἁγιάσω τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ μέγα τὸ βεβηλωθὲν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ὃ ἐβεβηλώσατε ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν, καὶ γνώσονται τὰ ἔθνη ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ἐν τῷ ἁγιασθῆναί με ἐν ὑμῖν κατ’ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν

Ezekiel 36:23 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:23 (English Elpenor)

And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which you profaned in their midst, and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am hallowed among you before their eyes. And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the nations, which ye profaned in the midst of them; and the nations shall know that I am the Lord, when I am sanctified among you before their eyes.

Ezekiel 36:27 (Tanakh)

Ezekiel 36:27 (KJV)

Ezekiel 36:27 (NET)

And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. I will put my Spirit within you; I will take the initiative and you will obey my statutes and carefully observe my regulations.

Ezekiel 36:27 (Septuagint BLB)

Ezekiel 36:27 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῗν καὶ ποιήσω ἵνα ἐν τοῗς δικαιώμασίν μου πορεύησθε καὶ τὰ κρίματά μου φυλάξησθε καὶ ποιήσητε καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῖν καὶ ποιήσω ἵνα ἐν τοῖς δικαιώμασί μου πορεύησθε, καὶ τὰ κρίματά μου φυλάξησθε καὶ ποιήσητε

Ezekiel 36:27 (NETS)

Ezekiel 36:27 (English Elpenor)

And I will give my spirit in you and will act so that you walk in my statutes and keep my judgments and perform them. And I will put my Spirit in you, and will cause you to walk in mine ordinances, and to keep my judgments, and do [them].

Matthew 22:4, 5 (NET)

Matthew 22:4, 5 (KJV)

Again he sent other slaves, saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Look!  The feast I have prepared for you is ready.  My oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready.  Come to the wedding banquet.”’ Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

πάλιν ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους λέγων· εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις· ἰδοὺ τὸ ἄριστον μου ἡτοίμακα, οἱ ταῦροι μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα καὶ πάντα ἕτοιμα· δεῦτε εἰς τοὺς γάμους παλιν απεστειλεν αλλους δουλους λεγων ειπατε τοις κεκλημενοις ιδου το αριστον μου ητοιμασα οι ταυροι μου και τα σιτιστα τεθυμενα και παντα ετοιμα δευτε εις τους γαμους παλιν απεστειλεν αλλους δουλους λεγων ειπατε τοις κεκλημενοις ιδου το αριστον μου ητοιμασα οι ταυροι μου και τα σιτιστα τεθυμενα και παντα ετοιμα δευτε εις τους γαμους
But they were indifferent and went away, one to his farm, another to his business. But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, another to his merchandise:

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

οἱ δὲ ἀμελήσαντες ἀπῆλθον, ὃς μὲν εἰς τὸν ἴδιον ἀγρόν, ὃς δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμπορίαν αὐτοῦ οι δε αμελησαντες απηλθον ο μεν εις τον ιδιον αγρον ο δε εις την εμποριαν αυτου οι δε αμελησαντες απηλθον ο μεν εις τον ιδιον αγρον ο δε εις την εμποριαν αυτου

Matthew 22:7 (NET)

Matthew 22:7 (KJV)

The king was furious!  He sent his soldiers, and they put those murderers to death and set their city on fire. But when the king heard thereof, he was wroth: and he sent forth his armies, and destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

δὲ βασιλεὺς ὠργίσθη καὶ πέμψας τὰ στρατεύματα αὐτοῦ ἀπώλεσεν τοὺς φονεῖς ἐκείνους καὶ τὴν πόλιν αὐτῶν ἐνέπρησεν ακουσας δε ο βασιλευς ωργισθη και πεμψας τα στρατευματα αυτου απωλεσεν τους φονεις εκεινους και την πολιν αυτων ενεπρησεν και ακουσας ο βασιλευς εκεινος ωργισθη και πεμψας τα στρατευματα αυτου απωλεσεν τους φονεις εκεινους και την πολιν αυτων ενεπρησεν

Matthew 22:9, 10 (NET)

Matthew 22:9, 10 (KJV)

So go into the main streets and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.’ Go ye therefore into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

πορεύεσθε οὖν ἐπὶ τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὁδῶν καὶ ὅσους ἐὰν εὕρητε καλέσατε εἰς τοὺς γάμους πορευεσθε ουν επι τας διεξοδους των οδων και οσους αν ευρητε καλεσατε εις τους γαμους πορευεσθε ουν επι τας διεξοδους των οδων και οσους αν ευρητε καλεσατε εις τους γαμους
And those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all they found, both bad and good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests. So those servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding was furnished with guests.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

καὶ ἐξελθόντες οἱ δοῦλοι ἐκεῖνοι εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς συνήγαγον πάντας οὓς εὗρον, πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς· καὶ ἐπλήσθη ὁ |γάμος| ἀνακειμένων και εξελθοντες οι δουλοι εκεινοι εις τας οδους συνηγαγον παντας οσους ευρον πονηρους τε και αγαθους και επλησθη ο γαμος ανακειμενων και εξελθοντες οι δουλοι εκεινοι εις τας οδους συνηγαγον παντας οσους ευρον πονηρους τε και αγαθους και επλησθη ο γαμος ανακειμενων

Matthew 22:13 (NET)

Matthew 22:13 (KJV)

Then the king said to his attendants, ‘Tie him up hand and foot and throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth!’ Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπεν τοῖς διακόνοις· δήσαντες αὐτοῦ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ἐκβάλετε αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον· ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων τοτε ειπεν ο βασιλευς τοις διακονοις δησαντες αυτου ποδας και χειρας αρατε αυτον και εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων τοτε ειπεν ο βασιλευς τοις διακονοις δησαντες αυτου ποδας και χειρας αρατε αυτον και εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

[1] Genesis 1:22 (KJV)

[2] Leviticus 11:42 (KJV)

[3] 1 Samuel 2:1b (Tanakh)

[4] Ephesians 2:10 (NET)  The Greek word translated prepares in 1 Reigns and Kings (Samuel) 2:3 (NETS, English Elpenor) was ἑτοιμάζων (a form of ἑτοιμάζω), a part of the compound word προητοίμασεν (a form of προετοιμάζω) translated prepared beforehand in Ephesians 2:10 (NET).

[5] Philippians 2:12, 13 (NET) Table

[6] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἡτοίμακα here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had ητοιμασα.

[7] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the masculine ὃς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had, I assume, the neuter ο rather than the article ο.

[8] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had the masculine ὃς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had, I assume, the neuter ο rather than the article ο.

[9] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἐπὶ here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had εις.

[10] The Stephanus Textus Receptus had ακουσας δε (KJV: But when the king heard thereof) here, where the Byzantine Majority Text had και ακουσας, and the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had simply δὲ (untranslated in the NET).

[11] The Byzantine Majority Text had εκεινος following king.  The NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Stephanus Textus Receptus did not.

[12] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ὅσους ἐὰν here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had οσους αν (KJV: as many as)

[13] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had οὓς here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had οσους (KJV: all…they).

[14] The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αρατε and και (KJV: take him away, and) here.  The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 did not.

[15] Ephesians 4:22-24 (NET)

[16] Colossians 3:8-11 (NET)

[17] Bernard A. Taylor translated 1 Samuel in the NETS, and the Elpenor version of the Septuagint is the Old Testament of the Greek Orthodox Church.

Hannah’s Prayer, Part 1

I want to consider Hannah’s prayer in four English translations, two from the Hebrew of the Masoretic text[1] and two from the Greek of the Septuagint:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:1, 2 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:1, 2 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:1, 2 (NETS)

1 Kings 1:28b2:2 (Elpenor English)

…and she [Anna] said,
And Hannah prayed, and said: my heart exulteth in HaShem, my horn is exalted in HaShem; my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in Thy salvation. Hannah prayed, “My heart has rejoiced in the Lord; my horn has been raised high because of the Lord.  I have loudly denounced my enemies.  Indeed I rejoice in your deliverance. And she [Hanna] said, “My heart was made firm in the Lord; my horn was exalted in my god; my mouth was made wide against enemies, I was glad in your deliverance, My heart is established in the Lord, my horn is exalted in my God; my mouth is enlarged over my enemies, I have rejoiced in thy salvation.
There is none holy as HaShem, for there is none beside Thee; neither is there any rock like our G-d. No one is holy like the Lord!  There is no one other than you!  There is no rock like our God! because there is none holy like the Lord, and there is none righteous like our God; there is none holy besides you. For there is none holy as the Lord, and there is none righteous as our God; there is none holy besides thee.

The difference in verse 2 is subtle but beginning to form a pattern:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
1 Samuel 2:2 (Tanakh) 1 Samuel 2:2 (NET) 1 Reigns 2:2 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:2 (Elpenor English)

There is none holy as HaShem, No one is holy like the Lord! because there is none holy like the Lord, For there is none holy as the Lord,
for there is none beside Thee; There is no one other than you! there is none holy besides you. there is none holy besides thee.
neither is there any rock like our G-d. There is no rock like our God! and there is none righteous like our God; and there is none righteous as our God;

I altered the order of the clauses in the Septuagint for better comparison but could have altered the Masoretic text instead.  Where the translation from the Masoretic text reads for there is none beside Thee, the Septuagint reads there is none holy besides thee.  Likewise where the Masoretic text reads There is no rock like our God, the Septuagint reads and there is none righteous like our God.  Was holy added by the rabbis or removed by the Masoretes?  Was rock or righteous the original word?

An article titled “Salvation from What?” on Judaism 101 online reads:

Salvation from sin is unnecessary in Judaism, because Judaism does not believe that mankind is inherently evil or sinful or in need of Divine Intervention in order to escape eternal damnation.  In fact, Judaism does not even believe in eternal damnation.
Judaism recognizes that people have sinful impulses, but Judaism also recognizes that people have an inclination to do good and to be good, and that people are able to choose whether to follow the evil inclination or the good inclination.
It is within our ability to be righteous.

So how could Hannah pray there is none holy besides thee or there is none righteous like our God?  Admittedly, the latter might have been equivocated as comparison, God is more righteous than any human being’s “ability” to be righteous.  But once someone decided to alter the Scripture, it might as well be a clean sweep.  I sincerely doubt the rabbis who translated the Septuagint made this change.  I haven’t accounted for the possibility, however, that some[2] attempted to write Christian doctrines back into the Old Testament scriptures.

The translations of 1 Samuel 2:9 followed this same pattern: the wicked are made speechless in the darkness, for it is not by one’s own strength that one (e.g., the wicked one) prevails[3] in the Masoretic text, while in the Septuagint, he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength cannot man (e.g., the righteous man) prevail.  Again, how could Hannah pray such a thing given that “It is within our ability to be righteous.”

It prompted me to reconsider There is no one righteous, not even one.[4]  This, according to a footnote (14) in the NET, was a quote from Psalm 14:1.

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Psalm 14:1 (Tanakh) Psalm 14:1 (NET) Psalm 13:1 (NETS)

Psalm 13:1 (Elpenor English)

The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God.  They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.”  They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right. The fool said in his heart, “There is no God.”  They caused corruption and were abominable in their practices, there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one. The fool has said in his heart, There is no God.  They have corrupted [themselves], and become abominable in their devices; there is none that does goodness, there is not even so much as one.

There is no one righteous, not even one is at best an allusion to, or conclusion based on, the Psalm.  The Hebrew word translated good (Tanakh) or what is right (NET) was טוב (ṭôb).  God saw all that he had made – and it was very good (ṭôb).[5]  In the Septuagint (Table6 below) טוב (ṭôb) was translated χρηστότητα (a form of χρηστότης).  Notice therefore the kindness (χρηστότητα, a form of χρηστότης) and harshness of God – harshness[6] toward those who have fallen, but God’s[7] kindness[8] (χρηστότης) toward you, provided you continue in his kindness (χρηστότητι, another form of χρηστότης); otherwise you also will be cut off.[9]  Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with a heart of mercy,[10] kindness (χρηστότητα, a form χρηστότης), humility, gentleness, and patience,[11] bearing with one another and forgiving one another, if someone happens to have a complaint against anyone else.  Just as the Lord[12] has forgiven you, so you also forgive others.[13]

While I have no quarrel with Paul if he translated טוב (ṭôb) or understood χρηστότητα as δίκαιος, it is difficult to think of it as a quotation.

Romans 3:10b (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 14:1b (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 13:1b (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος οὐδὲ εἷς οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός οὐκ ἔστι ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός
Romans 3:10b (NET) Psalm 13:1b (NETS) Psalm 13:1b (English Elpenor)
There is no one righteous, not even one, there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one. there is none that does goodness, there is not even so much as one.

What is unavoidable when approached this way is that Paul applied to all what David clearly applied only to atheists: The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God.  Was Paul recalling and summarizing Hannah’s prayer (see Table4 below) from the Septuagint?

Romans 3:10b (NET Parallel Greek)

1 Samuel 2:2b (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:2b (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος οὐδὲ εἷς καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος πλὴν σοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἔστι δίκαιος ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν· οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος πλήν σου
Romans 3:10b (NET) 1 Reigns 2:2b (NETS) 1 Kings 2:2b (English Elpenor)
There is no one righteous, not even one, and there is none righteous like our God; there is none holy besides you. and there is none righteous as our God; there is none holy besides thee.

David’s psalm continued:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Psalm 14:2 (Tanakh) Psalm 14:2 (NET) Psalm 13:2 (NETS)

Psalm 13:2 (Elpenor English)

The LORD looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God. The Lord looks down from heaven at the human race, to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God. The Lord peered down from the sky on the sons of men to see if there was any who had understanding or who sought after God. The Lord looked down from heaven upon the sons of men, to see if there were any that understood, or sought after god.

Paul concluded, there is no one who understands, there is no one who seeks God.[14]

Romans 3:11 (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 14:2b (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 13:2b (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐκ ἔστιν |ὁ| συνίων, οὐκ ἔστιν |ὁ| ἐκζητῶν τὸν θεόν εἰ ἔστιν συνίων ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν θεόν εἰ ἔστι συνιὼν ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν

Romans 3:11 (NET)

Psalm 13:2b (NETS)

Psalm 13:2b (English Elpenor)

there is no one who understands, there is no one who seeks God. if there was any who had understanding or who sought after God. if there were any that understood, or sought after god.

Paul’s conclusion was certainly in agreement with the next verse of David’s psalm:

Masoretic Text

Septuagint
Psalm 14:3 (Tanakh) Psalm 14:3 (NET) Psalm 13:3 (NETS)

Psalm 13:3 (Elpenor English)

They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth good, no, not one. Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt.  None of them does what is right, not even one! All turned away, as well they became useless; there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one. They are all gone out of the way, they are together become good for nothing, there is none that does good, no not one.  Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness; their feet are swift to shed blood: destruction and misery are in their ways; and the way of peace they have not known: there is no fear of God before their eyes.

Here is a comparison of the NET parallel Greek of Paul’s quotation with the Greek of the Septuagint along with English translations.

Romans 3:12-18 (NET Parallel Greek)

Psalm 14:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 13:2b (Septuagint Elpenor)

πάντες ἐξέκλιναν ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν· οὐκ ἔστιν || ποιῶν χρηστότητα, [οὐκ ἔστιν] ἕως ἑνός τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν, ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν πάντες ἐξέκλιναν ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν ταῗς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει ὀξεῗς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῗς ὁδοῗς αὐτῶν καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν πάντες ἐξέκλιναν, ἅμα ἠχρειώθησαν, οὐκ ἔστι ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὑτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν· ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν, ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει, ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα, σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν· οὐκ ἔστι φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν

Romans 3:12-18 (NET) Table

Psalm 13:3 (NETS)

Psalm 13:2b (English Elpenor)

All have turned away, together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.  Their throats are open graves, they deceive with their tongues, the poison of asps is under their lips.  Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.  Their feet are swift to shed blood, ruin and misery are in their paths, and the way of peace they have not known.  There is no fear of God before their eyes. All turned away, as well they became useless; there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one. They are all gone out of the way, they are together become good for nothing, there is none that does good, no not one.  Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness; their feet are swift to shed blood: destruction and misery are in their ways; and the way of peace they have not known: there is no fear of God before their eyes.

I’m coming up empty for any reason why the rabbis who translated the Septuagint would have added this to David’s psalm.  I have a clue why the Masoretes might have removed it.  Though the Elpenor version of the Septuagint included the extended text in the English translation, the parallel Greek was marked by an asterisk and removed to the bottom of the column.  If I skip from—They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth good, no, not one—directly to—Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD[15]—it is much easier to assume that all does not mean all.  Surely God’s people are exempt from all who have gone aside.  But then, who exactly are God’s people?

Are they those who seek to have a righteousness of their own derived from the law by striving to obey the law in their own strength, by their own ability (because if righteousness could come through the law, then Christ died for nothing[16])?  Or are they those who call on the name of the Lord (Romans 10:5-13), those who are born from above (John 3:1-7), those who are led by the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:1-17)?

Is the Bible a “book of rules” or a story which demonstrates, among other things, how God achieved what the law could not do because it was weakened through the flesh?[17]  For there is none holy as the Lord, and there is none righteous as our God; there is none holy besides thee, Hannah prayed according to the Septuagint.  Why do you call me good? Jesus asked the wealthy rulerNo one is good except God alone.[18]

Is the finding of God’s observation—that There is no one righteous, not even one—the hyperbole of a scold, an angry admonition for me to try harder to keep the law?  Or is it the factual basis for me to do something completely different?  Do not be amazed—Jesus said to the teacher of Israelthat I said to you, ‘You must all be born from above.’[19]

Tables comparing 1 Samuel 2:1; 2:2; Psalm 14:1; Genesis 1:31; Psalm 14:2; 14:3 and 14:4 in the Tanakh and NET, and tables comparing 1 Samuel (Kings, Reigns) 2:1; 2:2; Psalm 14:1 (13:1); Genesis 1:31; Psalm 14:2 (13:2); 14:3 (13:3) and 14:4 (13:4) in the Septuagint (BLB and Elpenor) follow.  Following those are tables comparing Romans 11:22 and Colossians 3:12, 13 in the NET and KJV.

1 Samuel 2:1 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:1 (NET)

And Hannah prayed, and said: my heart exulteth in HaShem, my horn is exalted in HaShem; my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in Thy salvation. Hannah prayed, “My heart has rejoiced in the Lord; my horn has been raised high because of the Lord.  I have loudly denounced my enemies.  Indeed I rejoice in your deliverance.

1 Samuel 2:1 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶπεν ἐστερεώθη ἡ καρδία μου ἐν κυρίῳ ὑψώθη κέρας μου ἐν θεῷ μου ἐπλατύνθη ἐπὶ ἐχθροὺς τὸ στόμα μου εὐφράνθην ἐν σωτηρίᾳ σου ΕΣΤΕΡΕΩΘΗ ἡ καρδία μου ἐν Κυρίῳ, ὑψώθη κέρας μου ἐν Θεῷ μου· ἐπλατύνθη ἐπ᾿ ἐχθρούς μου τὸ στόμα μου, εὐφράνθην ἐν σωτηρίᾳ σου
1 Reigns 2:1 (NETS) 1 Kings 2:1 (English Elpenor)
And she said, “My heart was made firm in the Lord; my horn was exalted in my god; my mouth was made wide against enemies, I was glad in your deliverance, My heart is established in the Lord, my horn is exalted in my God; my mouth is enlarged over my enemies, I have rejoiced in thy salvation.

1 Samuel 2:2 (Tanakh)

1 Samuel 2:2 (NET)

There is none holy as HaShem, for there is none beside Thee; neither is there any rock like our G-d. No one is holy like the Lord!  There is no one other than you!  There is no rock like our God!

1 Samuel 2:2 (Septuagint BLB)

1 Kings 2:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος ὡς κύριος καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος πλὴν σοῦ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος ὡς Κύριος, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι δίκαιος ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν· οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος πλήν σου

1 Reigns 2:2 (NETS)

1 Kings 2:2 (English Elpenor)

because there is none holy like the Lord, and there is none righteous like our God; there is none holy besides you. For there is none holy as the Lord, and there is none righteous as our God; there is none holy besides thee.

Psalm 14:1 (Tanakh)

Psalm 14:1 (NET)

The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God.  They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.”  They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right.

Psalm 14:1 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 13:1 (Septuagint Elpenor)

εἶπεν ἄφρων ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν θεός διέφθειραν καὶ ἐβδελύχθησαν ἐν ἐπιτηδεύμασιν οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός ΕΙΠΕΝ ἄφρων ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· οὐκ ἔστι Θεός. διεφθάρησαν καὶ ἐβδελύχθησαν ἐν ἐπιτηδεύμασιν, οὐκ ἔστι ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός

Psalm 13:1 (NETS)

Psalm 13:1 (English Elpenor)

The fool said in his heart, “There is no God.”  They caused corruption and were abominable in their practices, there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one. The fool has said in his heart, There is no God.  They have corrupted [themselves], and become abominable in their devices; there is none that does goodness, there is not even so much as one.

Genesis 1:31 (Tanakh)

Genesis 1:31 (NET)

And G-d saw every thing that He had made, and, behold, it was very good And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day. God saw all that he had made – and it was very good!  There was evening, and there was morning, the sixth day.

Genesis 1:31 (Septuagint BLB)

Genesis 1:31 (Septuagint Elpenor)

καὶ εἶδεν ὁ θεὸς τὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν καὶ ἰδοὺ καλὰ λίαν καὶ ἐγένετο ἑσπέρα καὶ ἐγένετο πρωί ἡμέρα ἕκτη καὶ εἶδεν ὁ Θεὸς τὰ πάντα, ὅσα ἐποίησε, καὶ ἰδοὺ καλὰ λίαν. καὶ ἐγένετο ἑσπέρα καὶ ἐγένετο πρωΐ, ἡμέρα ἕκτη

Genesis 1:31 (NETS)

Genesis 1:31 (English Elpenor)

And God saw all the things that he had made, and see, they were exceedingly good.  And it came to be evening, and it came to be morning, a sixth day. And God saw all the things that he had made, and, behold, they were very good.  And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.

Psalm 14:2 (Tanakh)

Psalm 14:2 (NET)

The LORD looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God. The Lord looks down from heaven at the human race, to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God.

Psalm 14:2 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 13:2 (Septuagint Elpenor)

κύριος ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ διέκυψεν ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ ἰδεῗν εἰ ἔστιν συνίων ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν θεόν Κύριος ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ διέκυψεν ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ ἰδεῖν εἰ ἔστι συνιὼν ἢ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν

Psalm 13:2 (NETS)

Psalm 13:2 (English Elpenor)

The Lord peered down from the sky on the sons of men to see if there was any who had understanding or who sought after God. The Lord looked down from heaven upon the sons of men, to see if there were any that understood, or sought after god.

Psalm 14:3 (Tanakh)

Psalm 14:3 (NET)

They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth good, no, not one. Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt.  None of them does what is right, not even one!

Psalm 14:3 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 13:3 (Septuagint Elpenor)

πάντες ἐξέκλιναν ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν ταῗς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει ὀξεῗς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῗς ὁδοῗς αὐτῶν καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν πάντες ἐξέκλιναν, ἅμα ἠχρειώθησαν, οὐκ ἔστι ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, ταῖς γλώσσαις αὑτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν· ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν, ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει, ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα, σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν· οὐκ ἔστι φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν

Psalm 13:3 (NETS)

Psalm 13:3 (English Elpenor)

All turned away, as well they became useless; there is no one practicing kindness; there is not even one. They are all gone out of the way, they are together become good for nothing, there is none that does good, no not one.  Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness; their feet are swift to shed blood: destruction and misery are in their ways; and the way of peace they have not known: there is no fear of God before their eyes.

Psalm 14:4 (Tanakh)

Psalm 14:4 (NET)

Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD. All those who behave wickedly do not understand – those who devour my people as if they were eating bread, and do not call out to the Lord.

Psalm 14:4 (Septuagint BLB)

Psalm 13:4 (Septuagint Elpenor)

οὐχὶ γνώσονται πάντες οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν οἱ κατεσθίοντες τὸν λαόν μου βρώσει ἄρτου τὸν κύριον οὐκ ἐπεκαλέσαντο οὐχὶ γνώσονται πάντες οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν; οἱ ἐσθίοντες τὸν λαόν μου βρώσει ἄρτου τὸν Κύριον οὐκ ἐπεκαλέσαντο

Psalm 13:4 (NETS)

Psalm 13:4 (English Elpenor)

Shall they never learn, all those who practice lawlessness?  Those who eat up my people like eating bread do not call upon the Lord. Will not all the workers of iniquity know, who eat up my people as they would eat bread? they have not called upon the Lord.

Romans 11:22 (NET)

Romans 11:22 (KJV)

Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God – harshness toward those who have fallen, but God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off. Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ἴδε οὖν χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν θεοῦ· ἐπὶ μὲν τοὺς πεσόντας ἀποτομία, ἐπὶ δὲ σὲ χρηστότης θεοῦ, ἐὰν ἐπιμένῃς τῇ χρηστότητι, ἐπεὶ καὶ σὺ ἐκκοπήσῃ ιδε ουν χρηστοτητα και αποτομιαν θεου επι μεν τους πεσοντας αποτομιαν επι δε σε χρηστοτητα εαν επιμεινης τη χρηστοτητι επει και συ εκκοπηση ιδε ουν χρηστοτητα και αποτομιαν θεου επι μεν τους πεσοντας αποτομιαν επι δε σε χρηστοτητα εαν επιμεινης τη χρηστοτητι επει και συ εκκοπηση

Colossians 3:12, 13 (NET)

Colossians 3:12, 13 (KJV)

Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience, Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering;

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

Ἐνδύσασθε οὖν, ὡς ἐκλεκτοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ ἅγιοι καὶ ἠγαπημένοι, σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμοῦ χρηστότητα ταπεινοφροσύνην πραΰτητα μακροθυμίαν ενδυσασθε ουν ως εκλεκτοι του θεου αγιοι και ηγαπημενοι σπλαγχνα οικτιρμων χρηστοτητα ταπεινοφροσυνην πραοτητα μακροθυμιαν ενδυσασθε ουν ως εκλεκτοι του θεου αγιοι και ηγαπημενοι σπλαγχνα οικτιρμου χρηστοτητα ταπεινοφροσυνην πραοτητα μακροθυμιαν
bearing with one another and forgiving one another, if someone happens to have a complaint against anyone else. Just as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also forgive others. Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye.

NET Parallel Greek

Stephanus Textus Receptus

Byzantine Majority Text

ἀνεχόμενοι ἀλλήλων καὶ χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς ἐάν τις πρός τινα ἔχῃ μομφήν· καθὼς καὶ ὁ κύριος ἐχαρίσατο ὑμῖν, οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς ανεχομενοι αλληλων και χαριζομενοι εαυτοις εαν τις προς τινα εχη μομφην καθως και ο χριστος εχαρισατο υμιν ουτως και υμεις ανεχομενοι αλληλων και χαριζομενοι εαυτοις εαν τις προς τινα εχη μομφην καθως και ο χριστος εχαρισατο υμιν ουτως και υμεις

[1] Here are three opinions of the Masoretic text: 1) What is the Masoretic Text? 2) The Masoretic Text: The traditional–sometimes imperfect–Jewish version of the Torah text. 3) The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls: Should the original Hebrew Bible text be modified based on information obtained from the Dead Sea Scrolls?[2] Jim Searcy, for instance, asserted that “Origen wrote his Hexapla” as opposed to compiling it from extant manuscripts.

[3] 1 Samuel 2:9 (NET)

[4] Romans 3:10b (NET)

[5] Genesis 1:31a (NET) טוב

[6] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had ἀποτομία here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had αποτομιαν (KJV: severity).

[7] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had θεοῦ here.  The Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text did not.

[8] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had χρηστότης here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had χρηστοτητα (KJV: goodness).

[9] Romans 11:22 (NET)

[10] The Stephanus Textus Receptus had the plural οικτιρμων (KJV: mercies) here, where the NET parallel Greek text, NA28 and Byzantine Majority Text had the singular οἰκτιρμοῦ.

[11] In the NET parallel Greek text and NA28 patience was spelled πραΰτητα, and πραοτητα (KJV: longsuffering) in the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text.

[12] The NET parallel Greek text and NA28 had κύριος here, where the Stephanus Textus Receptus and Byzantine Majority Text had χριστος (KJV: Christ).

[13] Colossians 3:12, 13 (NET)

[14] Romans 3:11 (NET)

[15] Psalm 14:4 (Tanakh)

[16] Galatians 2:21 (NET)

[17] Romans 8:3 (NET) Table

[18] Luke 18:19b (NET)

[19] John 3:7 (NET)